Reg A $/$ A$+,$ Rule $147/147$A$,$ Reg d$,$ Rule $144$A$,$ Reg S$,$ Rule $144$ and Crowdfunding are all $\_\_\_\_$ transactions. US Gov securities$,$ US gov agency securities$,$ nonprofit securities$,$ muni bonds, commercial paper and other ST debt w$/$ maturity under $270$ days, and securities of federal $/$ state banks are always $\_\_\_$ from registration.