rephrase: every organization has fundamental communication channels that they use to implement their policies, strategies, and goals. The three basic communication channels include the informal channel, formal channel, and unofficial channel. The formal channel involves the communication within the official organizational hierarchy that transmits directions, procedures, policies, and goals (Bernstein et al., 2016: 43). The informal channel, on the other hand, encompasses the communication that is passed outside the prescribed organizational structure with the aim of filling organizational gaps, handling onetime situations, and maintaining various departments' linkages. Moreover, the unofficial channel deals with interpersonal communication among, or within an organization's social structure