rephrase: Pearson's r The Product-moment correlation coefficient, Pearson's r, is predominantly used for correlation statistics for interval or ratio (continuous) data. The correlation coefficient between two variables is called bivariate correlation. It measures the degree of shared variability between two variables, indicating their common characteristics (Salkind & Frey, 2022). This correlation uses descriptive statistics; the numerical index ranges between -1.00 and +1.00. Correlation between variables can move in the same direction (positive correlation), called a direct correlation. In contrast, when variables move in opposite directions (negative correlation), this inverse relationship is called an indirect correlation (Salkind & Frey, 2022). However, the correlation will be zero if one variable does not change in value