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Required Information

$[$The following information applies to the questions displayed below.$]$

Nicole has been financing Nicole's Getaway Spa $($NGS$)$ using equity financing. Currently NGS has authorized $100,000$ no$-$

par preferred shares and $200,000$ $$2$ par common shares. Outstanding shares Include $57,000$ preferred shares and

$47,000$ common shares.

Recently the following transactions have taken place.

a$.$ NGS Issues $1,350$ preferred shares for $$11$ a share.

b$.$ NGS repurchases $1,350$ common shares for $$10$ a share.

c$.$ On November $12,$ the board of directors declares a $$0\mathrm{.}30$ cash dividend on each outstanding preferred share.

d$.$ The dividend is pald December $20.$

How would each transaction affect the ROE ratio? $($Use $+$ for Increase, $-$ for decrease, and NE for no effect.$)$