Research Activity No. 2 Direction: Identify the organization/institution you belong and answer the following Methodological evaluation questions focus on varied assessment types. The following list is not exhaustive nor mutually exclusive but provides a framework for thinking about what kind of evaluation you are doing and what generic evaluation questions you may need to ask.

(OFFICE OF THE CITY ENGINEER, TECHNICAL/ENGINEERING DIVISION)

A. Needs assessment, or identifying the surrounding social conditions and need for a program. These questions identify and support the problem that the intervention hopes to address. If the problem is not identifiable by stakeholder communities, projects addressing it will not be successful. Needs assessment evaluation questions may include focus on the significance of the problem, drawing on literature, previous projects, and baseline data with potential stakeholders. What are the target population's characteristics? What are their needs? What specific services are needed? How could those services be provided? Through what mechanisms or arrangements?

B. Program theory assessment, or identifying how the program intends to address the problem. Programs that are already running should have a theory of change, or how they think their intervention will lead to the stated outcome, objective, goal, or impact they hope to see. Program theory assessment evaluation questions should focus on this theory of change to see if there are gaps in logical connections or inaccurate assumptions. Who is the target population? What services do they need? How best should the project/ program deliver those services (or activities)? How will the program work with the target population to sustain the project/ program? What is the structure or organization of the project/ program? What resources does the project/ program need? C. Process evaluation, or how the program addresses the problem, what it does, what the program services are and how the program operates. Process evaluation questions focus on how a program is working, program performance, and involve extensive monitoring. Similarly, formative evaluation questions look at whether program activities occur according to plan or the project is achieving its goals while it is underway What are the underlying assumptions of the project/ program? Are objectives met? If so, how? If not, why not? Are activities conducted with the target population? Are there other populations the program should be working with? Is the target population adequately reached by and involved in activities? How does the target population interact with the program? What do they think of the services? Are they satisfied? How is the project functioning from administrative, organizational, and/or personnel perspectives? D. Impact/ outcome evaluation, or how does the program reach its outcomes or impact? The evaluation questions may also be used in summative evaluations which focus on what happened after the program or project completed, i.e., were goals achieved? What are the outputs, outcomes, objectives, and goals of the project? Are outcomes, objectives, and goals achieved? Are the project/program services/activities beneficial to the target population? Do they have negative effects? e. Is the target population affected by the project/ program equitably or according to the evaluation plan? 5. Is the problem that the project/ program intends to address alleviated? E. Assessment of efficiency, or how cost-effective is the program Is the cost of the services or activities reasonable in relation to the benefits? Are there alternative approaches that could have the same outcomes with less cost?*