Research has shown that losing even one night of sleep can have a significant effect on performance of complex tasks such as problem solving (Linde & Bergstroem, 1992).To demonstrate this phenomenon, a researcher conducted the following (simulated) experiment:A sample of n=31 college students was given a problem-solving task at noon on one day and again at noon on the following day.The students were not permitted any sleep between the two tests.For each student, the difference between the first and second score was recorded.For this sample, the students averagedMD=4.5points better on the first test with a standard deviation ofSDd=9.4 for the difference scores.

Conduct a hypothesis test with this data using=0.05

.

What is the standard error for this data?

SEd=

What is the test statistic for this hypothesis test?

t=

What is theP-value for this hypothesis test?

p=

What is the effect size of this finding?

d=