Research is a process of discovering new knowledge. In the Code of Federal Regulations (45 CFR 46.102(d)) pertaining to the protection ofhuman subjects,research is defined as: "Asystematicinvestigation (i.e., the gathering andanalysisof information) designed to develop or contribute togeneralizableknowledge." The National Academy of Sciences states that the object of research is to "extend human knowledge of the physical, biological, or social world beyond what is already known." Research differs from other forms of discovering knowledge (like reading a book) because it uses a systematic process called the Scientific Method.

The development of the field of ethics in research includes numerous historical atrocities and egregious breaches of humane, ethical values.

Question:

• What is research?
• What is one historical violation that prompted the implementation of ethical standards in research?

Reference:

U.S Department of Health & Human Services. (n.d.). Module 1: Introduction: What is Research?. https://ori.hhs.gov/module-1-introduction-what-research