Research the Monetary and Fiscal policy decisions of Signapore

You will have to track the policy decisions of the Government or Central Bank of the country of your choice.

-Describe the policies (use the table provided at the end as a guide to different policies that could have been implemented).

-Quantify the interventions - describe the actual monetary value of it. Describe it as a percentage of the GDP of the country.

-Compare the results to global trends amongst developed or developing nations. How did the actions of your chosen country compare?

Description & Examples

Fiscal

Direct Spending

Infrastructure, hospitals, public transit, etc.The government is buying the goods or services.

Direct Transfers

Transfers for poor families, UE insurance payments, grants for businesses (no repayment), aid to states (not loans).Not that the government is not doing the actual spending in these cases.

Tax Benefits and Cuts

Tax cuts for people or business, extending deadlines or adding exceptions.

Loans

When repayment is expected (not a grant).To people, businesses, provinces, any other.

Regulation

More flexible/simpler regulations, reducing firms' costs that are not taxes.

Lockdown

Partial

Partial if it does not cover the whole country or lockdown not complete or loosely enforced.

Full

Cases with exceptions for "essential businesses", or such should be considered Full.Use your judgement here to decide.

Monetary

Rate cuts

Traditional policy rate cuts (fed funds rate, discount rate, etc.)

Lending to Government

CB directly buys government bonds (or other form of lending) from the central government.

Change in Reserve Requirement

Change in bank's required reserve ratios.

Credit Facilities to Financial Institutions

CB is lending to commercial and non-commercial banking institutions (eg. investment banks, money market funds).

Credit Facilities to Corporations

CB is lending to non-financial institutions (ie. buying corporate bonds directly from firms).

QE (large scale asset purchases)

CB is buying large/unlimited quantities of non-traditional assets (long-term gov bonds, corporate, etc.).

Exchange Rate or Capital Controls

Government limits access to the foreign exchange market or restricts money otherwise coming in and out of the country.