Researchers Brenda Bass and Harold Weintraub discovered double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminases (ADARs) in 1987. These enzymes recognize double-stranded regions of mRNA and convert adenosine bases to inosine within these regions. Why might an RNA duplex spontaneously unwind to form single strands after ADAR reacts with the double-stranded RNA? Inosine creates hydrophobic base-stacking interactions that push the two strands apart. Inosine triggers the recruitment of helicase enzymes that unwind double-stranded RNA. Inosine can no longer pair correctly with uracil residues on the opposite RNA strand. The reaction is exothermic and raises the temperature above the melting point of RNA. What is a possible consequence of adenosine to inosine conversion in the coding sequence of an mRNA? Inosine shifts the RNA reading frame, resulting in a completely nonfunctional protein. Inosine mimics uracil, creating a stop codon that prematurely terminates translation. Inosine recodes that particular codon so that the protein incorporates a different amino acid. Inosine prevents the degradation of the mRNA, resulting in excess production of the protein