Researchers wanted to evaluate the association of vitamin D intake and serum levels with fracture risk in children under 6 years of age in Toronto, Ontario, Canada Cases were recruited from the fracture clinic at the Hospital for Sick Children, and matched controls were obtained from the TARGet Kids primary care research network Controls were matched to cases on age, sex, height, and season Fracture risk was adjusted for skin type, fracture history, waist circumference, outdoor free play, neighborhood income, soda consumption, and child's birth weight The following 2x2 tables are hypothetical results based on the scenario above Use these tables to answer the next set of questions For the purposes of this assignment, consider poor vitamin D intake as exposed and good vitamin D intake as unexposed Soda Drinkers (Stratum 1) Controls Cases Vitamin D Intake Good 198 2 Poor 612 188 Soda Abstainers (Stratum 2) Controls Cases Vitamin D Intake Good 752 48 Poor 188 12 (4 points) Calculate the exposure odds ratio and 95 confidence intervals for poor vitamin D intake among cases (those with fractures) compared to controls (those without fractures) for both those who drink soda and those who abstain from soda drinking separately Round your answers to the nearest tenth and present them in interval notation, like this OR X X (X X, X X) (2 points) Are the ORs that you calculated in the previous problem, statistically significant How did you determine this (3 points) Calculate the crude exposure odds ratio and 95 confidence interval for poor vitamin D intake among cases (those with fractures) compared to controls (those without fractures) Round your answer to the nearest tenth and present them in interval notation, like this OR X X (X X, X X) Hint you will need to combine the 2x2 tables above in order to do this (2 points) Is the crude OR that you calculated in the previous problem, statistically significant How did you determine this (2 points) Based on your previous responses, does soda consumption modify or confound the observed association How did you determine this (2 points) In this instance, what study result(s) should be reported

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Researchers wanted to evaluate the association of vitamin D intake and serum levels with fracture risk in children under 6 years of age in Toronto,

Researchers wanted to evaluate the association of vitamin D intake and serum levels with fracture risk in children under 6 years of age in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Cases were recruited from the fracture clinic at the Hospital for Sick Children, and matched controls were obtained from the TARGet Kids! primary-care research network. Controls were matched to cases on age, sex, height, and season. Fracture risk was adjusted for skin type, fracture history, waist circumference, outdoor free play, neighborhood income, soda consumption, and child's birth weight.

The following 2x2 tables are hypothetical results based on the scenario above. Use these tables to answer the next set of questions. For the purposes of this assignment, consider poor vitamin D intake as exposed and good vitamin D intake as unexposed.

Soda Drinkers (Stratum 1)

		Controls	Cases
Vitamin D Intake	Good	198	2
Vitamin D Intake	Poor	612	188

Soda Abstainers (Stratum 2)

		Controls	Cases
Vitamin D Intake	Good	752	48
Vitamin D Intake	Poor	188	12

(4 points) Calculate the exposure odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for poor vitamin D intake among cases (those with fractures) compared to controls (those without fractures) for both those who drink soda and those who abstain from soda drinking separately. Round your answers to the nearest tenth and present them in interval notation, like this OR= X.X (X.X, X.X).

(2 points) Are the ORs that you calculated in the previous problem, statistically significant? How did you determine this?

(3 points) Calculate the crude exposure odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for poor vitamin D intake among cases (those with fractures) compared to controls (those without fractures). Round your answer to the nearest tenth and present them in interval notation, like this OR= X.X (X.X, X.X).Hint: you will need to combine the 2x2 tables above in order to do this.