Respond to only Four questions from the following questions, $2$ from each section.

You must start your answer by the Question number, then write it above on page $1.$

The answers should be brief and precise $-$ any extra nonrelated text will not be counted to your answer.

Section$1$: answer only $2$ questions of this section

Question $1$: Explain how IT flattens organizations. What are Post$-$industrial organizations?

$(5$ marks$)$

Question $2$: Explain Cookies, Spyware, Web beacons $($web bugs$),$ Computer crime, and Computer abuse as concepts of Internet challenges to privacy.

$(5$ marks$)$

Question $3$: Explain the basic concepts of responsibility, accountability, liability, and Due process as applied to ethical decisions.

$(5$ marks$)$

Section$2$: answer only $2$ questions of this section

Question $4$: Describe in brief details how Information Technology enhances business processes efficiency and effectiveness. Provide specific examples of how IS can lead to enhancing business processes.

$(5$ mark

Question $5$: Describe how information systems or technologies could be used for developing low$-$cost leadership strategy and explain how at least two specific types of IS would contribute to the company's competitive advantage.

Question $6$: Describe how information systems can enhance managerial decisionmaking. In your answer, discuss the roles of business intelligence sys customer relationship management $($CRM$)$ systems, and supply chain management $($SCM$)$ systems.

$2$