Ruben owes Ed 50,000. On Maturity date, Ruben offered to pay Ed the amount of 45,000, which was the only money he then had. Ed, however refused to accept the payment. Thereafter, Ruben bumped into the 30 year old son of Ed, Joshua, to whom Ruben gave the 45,000 with a request that Joshua turned over the money to his father. Instead of delivering the money to his father, however, Joshua immediately went to the casino, and squandered the entire amount in the slot machines.

(a) Was Ed justified in refusing to accept the payment offered by Ben?

(b) May Ed still recover the full amount of 45,000 from Ruben, after the said amount was squandered in its entirety by his son Joshua?