Running head: Unit 4 Assignment 1 ANSWER TEMPLATE Unit 4 Assignment 1 Answer Template Student Name Capella University 1 Running head: Unit 4 Assignment 1 ANSWER TEMPLATE 2 Unit 4 Assignment 1 Answer Template The following assignment includes three sections, consisting of: 1. z scores in SPSS. 2. case studies of Type I and Type II error. 3. Case studies of null hypothesis testing. Additional notes: Answer in complete sentences. Follow APA rules for scholarly writing. Include a reference list if necessary. Save your answers and upload to the assignment area for grading. Section 1: z Scores in SPSS A z score is typically analyzed when a population mean () and population standard deviation () are known. However, in SPSS, we can still calculate z scores with the grades.sav data using the sample mean (M) and sample standard deviation (s). To do this, open grades.sav in SPSS. Under the Analyze menu, select Descriptive Statistics, and then Descriptives... Running head: Unit 4 Assignment 1 ANSWER TEMPLATE 3 You will be calculating and interpreting z scores for the total variable. As shown on the next page, move the total variable into the Variable(s) window. Select the Save standardized variables as values option and press OK. SPSS provides descriptive statistics for total in the Output window. SPSS also creates a new variable in the far right column of the Data Editor area labeled Ztotal. Ztotal provides a z score for each case on the total variable. You are now prepared to answer the following Section 1 questions. Question 1 Running head: Unit 4 Assignment 1 ANSWER TEMPLATE 4 What is the sample mean (M) and sample standard deviation (s) for total? You will use these values in Question 2 below. [Answer here in complete sentences. Replace this prompt and the prompts below, using as much space as necessary to answer questions.] Question 2 A z score for this sample is calculated as [(X - M) s]. Locate Case #53's unstandardized total score (X) in the Data Editor. In the formula below, replace X, M, s, and ? to show how the z score in Ztotal is derived for Case #53. (X - M ) s = ? Question 3 Run Descriptives... on Ztotal. What is the mean and standard deviation of Ztotal?(Hint: \"0E7\" in SPSS is scientific notation for 0). Is the mean and standard deviation what you would expect? Justify your answer. [Answer here in complete sentences] Question 4 Case #6 has a Ztotal score of 1.40. What does a z value of 1.40 represent? [Answer here in complete sentences] Question 5 Identify the case with the lowest z score. Refer to Appendix A in the Warner (2013) text. Interpret the percentile rank of this z score rounded to whole numbers. [Answer here in complete sentences] Question 6 Identify the case with the highest z score. Refer to Appendix A in the Warner (2013) text. Interpret the percentile rank of this z score rounded to whole numbers. [Answer here in complete sentences] Section 2: Cases Studies of Type I and Type II Errors Question 7 Running head: Unit 4 Assignment 1 ANSWER TEMPLATE 5 A jury must determine the guilt of a criminal defendant (not guilty, guilty). Identify how the jury would make a correct decision. Analyze how the jury would commit a Type I error versus a Type II error. [Answer here in complete sentences] Question 8 An I/O psychologist asks employees to complete surveys measuring job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. She intends to measure the strength of association between these two variables. The researcher is concerned that she will commit a Type I error. What research decision influences the magnitude of risk of a Type I error in her study? [Answer here in complete sentences] Question 9 A clinical psychologist is studying the efficacy of a new drug medication for depression. The study includes a placebo group (no medication) versus a treatment group (new medication). He then measures the differences in depressive symptoms across the two groups. What would a Type I error represent within the context of his study? How can he reduce the risk of committing a Type I error? How does this decision affect the risk of committing a Type II error? [Answer here in complete sentences] Section 3: Case Studies of Hypothesis Testing Question 10 You are running a series of statistical tests in SPSS using the \"standard\" criterion for rejecting a null hypothesis. You obtain the following p values. Test #1 calculates group differences with a p value = .07. Test #2 calculates the strength of association between two variables with a p value = .50. Test #3 calculates group differences with a p value = .001. For each Test below, state whether or not you reject the null hypothesis. For each test, also explain what your decision implies in terms of group differences (Test 1 and Test 3) and in terms of the strength of association between two variables (Test 2). Test #1 (group differences) = Test #2 (strength of association) = Running head: Unit 4 Assignment 1 ANSWER TEMPLATE 6 Test #3 (group differences) = Question 11 A researcher calculates a statistical test and obtains a p value of .86. He decides to reject the null hypothesis. Is this decision correct, or has he committed a Type I or Type II error? Explain your answer. [Answer here in complete sentences] Question 12 You are proposing a research study that you would like to conduct while attending Capella University. During the proposal, a committee member asks you to explain in your own words what you meant by saying \"p less than (<) .05.\" Provide an explanation. [Answer here in complete sentences] References Provide references if necessary. This concludes Unit 4 Assignment 1. Save your answers and upload in the assignment area. id lastname firstname gender 106484 VILLARRU ALFRED 108642 VALAZQUESCOTT 127285 GALVEZ JACKIE 132931 OSBORNEANN 140219 GUADIZ VALERIE 142630 RANGIFO TANIECE 153964 TOMOSAWDANIEL 154441 LIAN JENNY 157147 BAKKEN KREG 164605 LANGFOR DAWN 164842 VALENZUENANCY 167664 SWARM MARK 175325 KHOURY DENNIS 192627 MISCHKE ELAINE 211239 AUSTIN DERRICK 219593 POTTER MICKEY 237983 LEE JONATHAN 245473 DAYES ROBERT 249586 STOLL GLENDON 260983 CUSTER JAMES 273611 WU VIDYUTH 280440 CHANG RENE 287617 CUMMING DAVENA 289652 BRADLEY SHANNON 302400 JONES ROBERT 307894 TORRENC GWEN 337908 UYEYAMA VICTORIN 354601 CARPIO MARY 378446 SAUNDER TAMARA 380157 LUTZ WILLIAM 390203 SHIMA MIHAELA 392464 DOMINGO MONIKA 414775 RATANA JASON 417003 EVANGELINIKKI 419891 DE CANIO PAULA 420327 BADGER SUZANNA 434571 SURI MATHEW 436413 PANG SUZANNE 447659 GALANVIL DANA 463276 HANSEN TIM 466407 PICKERIN HEIDI 467806 DEVERS GAIL 473303 PARK SANDRA 479547 LANGFOR BLAIR 490016 STEPHEN LIZA 498900 HUANG JOE 506467 SCARBROCYNTHE 515586 FIALLOS LAUREL 519444 RATHBUN DAWNE 546022 HAMIDI KIMBERLY ethnicity 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 year 2 4 4 3 2 4 2 5 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 5 2 4 4 4 2 2 5 4 3 3 1 2 1 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 5 4 3 3 3 3 5 5 4 4 4 5 lowup 2 3 4 2 4 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 1 3 3 4 3 3 4 2 3 3 3 4 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 4 3 section 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 gpa 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 2 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 1 extr 1.18 2.19 2.46 3.98 1.84 3.9 2.84 3.57 3.95 3.49 2.32 2.35 2.45 2.9 2.33 2.54 1.66 2.74 2.51 2.54 3.7 3.9 2.21 2.46 1.14 2.09 2.34 2.03 2.8 2.25 2.28 3.02 2.38 1.91 3.53 2.61 2.8 2.66 2.77 3.84 2.38 2.34 3.17 3.42 2.72 2.47 1.33 3.9 3.9 2.96 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 553919 KWON SHELLY 554809 JONES LISA 574170 HURRIA WAYNE 576008 BULMERKAHUSIBA 576141 MISHALANLUCY 594463 CRUZADOMARITESS 595177 WILLIAMS OLIMPIA 615115 VASENIUSRUSS 616095 SPRINGERANNELIES 623857 CORTEZ VIKKI 664653 KHAN JOHN 681855 GRISWOLDTAMMY 700978 WEBSTERDEANNA 703740 SUNYA DALE 721311 SONG LOIS 725987 BATILLER FRED 737728 BELTRAN JIM 755724 LANGFOR TREVOR 756097 KURSEE JACKIE 762308 GOUW BONNIE 762813 DAEL IVAN 765360 ROBINSONERIC 768995 DUMITRESSTACY 777683 ANDERSOERIC 779481 AHGHEL BRENDA 780028 ROBINSONCLAYTON 781676 WATKINS YVONNE 798931 ZUILL RENAE 807963 LEWIS CARL 818528 CARRINGTJYLL 822485 VALENZUEKATHRYN 843472 PRADO DON 870810 REYNO NICHOLAS 896972 HUANG MIRNA 897606 GENOBAGJACQUELI 898766 RAO DAWN 899529 HAWKINS CARHERIN 900485 COCHRANSTACY 905109 JENKINS ERIC 908754 MARQUEZCHYRELLE 911355 LESKO LETICIA 915457 SHEARER LUCIO 920656 LIAO MICHELLE 921297 KINZER RICHARD 938666 SUAREZ-TKHANH 938881 YEO DENISE 944702 LEDESMA MARTINE 958384 RONCO SHERRY 972678 KAHRS JANN 973427 ROSS MARIA 978889 ZIMCHEK ARMANDO 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 5 2 2 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 5 5 4 3 4 3 4 4 5 4 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 3 3 2 4 2 1 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 1 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 3 2 3 1 2 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 2 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 3.9 3.35 3.84 3.45 3.57 3.05 1.24 1.77 3.64 2.56 1.24 1.5 3.9 3.58 1.61 1.77 2.57 2.96 3.13 3.9 2.27 2.43 2.88 2.4 3.01 3.9 4 2.22 2.56 1.95 3.9 3.54 3.66 2.56 2.92 3.9 2.31 2.77 2.84 1.85 3.49 2.22 3.28 2.73 2.02 3.53 3.9 2.3 2.37 3.19 3.9 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 979028 NEUHART JIM 983522 SLOAT AARON 985700 CHA LILY 988808 MCCONAHCORA 2 2 1 1 4 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 1.8 2.11 2.43 3.06 1 1 2 1 review quiz1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 quiz2 6 10 10 7 7 10 10 10 10 10 7 8 8 3 5 5 5 8 5 10 3 10 9 6 2 6 10 10 4 10 6 10 8 9 6 10 7 8 6 10 4 7 8 10 8 0 8 7 10 7 quiz3 5 10 7 8 8 10 9 9 10 10 8 10 8 8 5 8 7 9 9 9 6 8 10 9 5 5 8 10 6 9 7 10 9 8 7 10 6 6 8 10 7 6 8 10 9 5 5 8 9 7 quiz4 7 7 8 7 10 10 10 10 10 9 6 10 10 4 7 6 4 10 5 10 2 10 9 10 4 4 10 10 5 10 9 10 10 10 7 10 9 7 9 10 6 8 8 10 9 0 6 8 10 6 quiz5 6 6 9 7 8 9 10 10 10 10 7 10 10 6 6 4 7 7 6 10 6 10 9 9 5 7 10 10 4 10 6 9 10 10 9 10 8 8 5 9 4 7 10 9 8 2 4 6 10 9 final 3 9 7 6 10 9 10 10 9 10 10 9 6 8 4 10 6 10 10 7 6 8 9 9 6 6 7 9 5 8 8 9 9 6 9 10 8 7 8 10 7 9 9 10 10 5 7 6 8 8 total 53 54 57 68 66 74 63 71 74 75 59 71 69 55 52 61 63 48 63 60 55 68 52 68 43 62 63 71 57 61 61 55 50 66 54 53 60 60 63 74 56 59 70 75 60 40 58 63 74 61 percent 80 96 98 103 108 122 112 120 123 124 97 118 111 84 79 94 92 88 98 106 78 114 98 109 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