S E-book NOTEBOOK 462 Personality Key Assumptions Theory Proponents Psychoanalytic Freud Emotional disorders spring from unconscious dynamics, such as unresolved sexual and other childhood conflicts, and fixation at various developmental stages. Defense mechanisms fend off anxiety. View of Personality Personality consists of pleasure-seeking impulses (the id), a reality-oriented executive (the ego), and an internalized set of ideals (the superego). Personality Assessment Methods Free association, projective tests, dream analysis Psychodynamic Adler, Horney, Jung Humanistic Maslow, Rogers Trait Allport; Costa; H. Eysenck; S. Eysenck; McCrae Social- cognitive Bandura The unconscious and conscious minds interact. Childhood experiences and defense mechanisms are important. Rather than focusing on disorders born of dark conflicts, it's better to emphasize how healthy people may strive for self- realization. We have certain stable and enduring characteristics, influenced by genetic predispositions. Our traits interact with the social context to produce our behaviors. The dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious motives and conflicts shapes our personality. If our basic human needs are met, we will strive toward self-actualization. In a climate of unconditional positive regard, we can develop self-awareness and a more realistic and positive self-concept. Scientific study of traits has isolated important dimensions of personality, such as the Big Five traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism). Conditioning and observational learning interact with cognition to create behavior patterns. Our behavior in one situation is best predicted by considering our past behavior in similar situations. Projective tests, therapy sessions Questionnaires, therapy sessions, life story approach Personality inventories Observing behavior in realistic situations W F4 F5 F6 45 % 6 18 99F Sunny PrtScn Home End PgUp PgDn F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 8