Sarah and Miranda investigated whether the characteristics of the interviewer can affect the response to a survey question. At the Tucson Mall, they asked 60 shoppers the question "Do you like tattoos?" For 30 of the shoppers, the interviewers were wearing clothing that covered their tattoos. For the remaining 30 shoppers, the interviewers showed their tattoos. The choice of showing or not showing their tattoos was determined by a coin flip. Sarah and Miranda suspected that more people would answer "yes" when their tattoos were showing. Here are their results:

1. State the appropriate null and alternative hypothesis, using "equally likely" and "more likely" instead of sameABILITY and greaterABILITY.
2. What is the evidence for the alternative hypothesis?
3. Explain how to use note cards to simulate the difference (showing - not showing) in yes percentage, assuming that shoppers like these are equally likely to say yes with either appearance.
4. The dotplot to the right shows the results of 100 simulated experiments, as described in the previous problem. Use the dotplot to estimate thep-value.
5. What conclusion should Sarah and Miranda make, based on thep-value?
6. Based on this conclusion, which error could Sarah and Miranda have made, a Type I error or a Type II error? Explain.

Appearance Showing Not showing Total tattoos tattoos Like tattoos? Yes 18 14 32 No 12 16 28 Total 30 30 60\f