Scenario B. The President of Bradley Inc. receives the following feedback from his employees. Lamont, one of the employees, consistently says that he does not believe he will ever succeed. He regularly says to his colleagues, "No matter how well I do in this job, I'll never get a raise or promotion." Shelly, another employee, does not care about any of the rewards that the organization offers. Therefore, she says, "It just isn't worth it to me to work that hard!" Christy, another employee, feels that she is no longer able to keep up in her job, so there is little use in trying.

From Scenario B, it can be inferred that Lamont illustrates

Select one:

a. high expectancy.

b. low instrumentality.

c. negative valence.

d. low equity.

e. high empowerment.