SECTION 3: SAMPLING

A researcher interested in students' study habits in the Department of Education at the University of Anyuni decided to undertake a survey (n = 150). She was provided with a list of all the students in the Department. She printed each student's name on a slip of paper and put all the slips of paper into a bag. She drew slips of paper from the bag until she had 150 names, then asked the department administrator to send an online survey to those students. Among the 150 names, there were 120 undergraduate, 26 master's and 4 PhD students. i) What kind of sample was this?

ii) What was the population and what was the sample size?

iii) Which of these statements is true? (delete or cross over the statements that are not true) Her results can be generalised to all students in the university Her results can be generalised to all students in the department Her results can be generalised to all undergraduate students in the department Her results cannot be generalised

SECTION 4: INTERVIEWS

Suggest the best type of interviewing to suit each of the four separate studies described. Not give the same answer twice.

STUDY DESCRIPTION	TYPE OF INTERVIEW
An ethnographic study of student life in university
An investigation of headteachers' ways of dealing with poorly performing classroom teachers
A study of primary school children's experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic
An international study of researchers' views on which are the best universities in the world, which aims to include at least 100 respondents in each of five different countries.

SECTION 5: OBSERVATION

Suggest the best type of observation to suit each of the four studies described below. Use one different type for each study.

STUDY DESCRIPTION	TYPE OF OBSERVATION
A study investigating the young children's behaviour in a bilingual kindergarten
A study of bribery of officials in public examinations
Research into the prevalence of first language conversations in second language classrooms, using discourse analysis tools to analyse the data
A longitudinal online study investigating the use of technology to improve communication skills among second language users

SECTION 6: EXPERIMENTS 1.Read the description of a study below and name independent and dependent variable/s in this study. An experiment is conducted to investigate whether schools in which children are given homework every day have better attainment in mathematics and science than schools where homework is not given. Researchers check to see if there are different effects across gender. Name the independent variable(s) and dependent variable(s).

VARIABLE	ANSWER
Independent variable(s)
Dependent variable(s)

2.Read the description of the three studies below. Each of them presents an experiment. Suggest a type of experiment that can best describe each of the studies presented below.

STUDY DESCRIPTION	TYPE OF EXPERIMENT
A project investigating the impact of free nursery provision on children's attainment in their first year of primary school, based on an initiative introduced by one out of three regional governments
Research which employs a test to look at children's recall of geographical facts when using or not using an atlas
A study of the effect of using younger native speaker language assistants to teach second language to 14-year-old pupils in school classes