SECTION A: Networks can be classified by geo- classified as graphical scope as PANs, WANs. The cables and signals used to transport data point-to-point, or bus. Any device in a network is referred to as from one network device to another are a communication a(n) . Networks can be con- J, such as star, mesh and figured in various Data Wired channels include twisted pair equipment includes computers. Data cables used for cable television, equipment includes modems and routers. Additional -optic cables used for high-capacity DCEs include hubs, switches, bridges, repeaters, and access points. Networks use physical, wires, and trunk lines. Wireless channels use nals and microwaves. Government agencies regulate some transport, and arrival communication wireless ity of a channel is referred to as L Channels that are capable of moving at least 25 Mbps are sig The transmission capac- to set the rules for efficiently transmitting data and handling errors. SECTION B: The Internet is based on a U.S. govern- addresses are 32 bits long, whereas addresses are 128 bits long, providing billions and bil . Addresses are assigned by servers. IP addresses that are tempo- addresses Today, the ment project called Internet is a collection of networks, tied together by com- lions of possible addresses mon Internet routers and fiber-optic communication links arranged in a(n) Tier 1 networks form the rarily assigned are called whereas permanent ones are called , a system of high-capacity IP addresses cannot be topology. Networks that form the addresses. [ routed over the Internet and are usually assigned to devices within LANs. Because it is difficult to remember IP addresses, the remember names, such as nike.com. that Internet are maintained by offer access to consumers. Before data travels over the Internet, it is divided into tocol called bles the data when it reaches its destination. Every device -level domains include by a pro- name system allocates easy-to- which also reassem- com and.edu. The servers that track these names are a vulnerable point in Internet security n the Internet uses an IP address. SECTION C: The speed and quality of Internet con- fiber-to-the-home. [ nections vary. For email and browsing the Web, speeds of include mobile satellite. access options Internet access Mbps are acceptable, whereas is available from cellular services. Skype video calls require 1.5 Mbps connections. Your band- Intemet service offers dependable connections over coaxial width Internet access plan. You can use check the latency of an Internet connection. You can use online is available in remote areas but suffers from high rates of tools to check for packet loss and which is the variability in packet latency. Another utility called by cell phone companies usually entail separate fees for talk, is the top speed allowed by your and fiber cables. The fastest offering that uses the telephone . Satellite Internet service to network is Mobile broadband services offered offer yet texting, and data. Public Wi-FiL another Internet access option, though users have to be vigi- J reports the path that your data takes to reach its destination. Options for Internet access include cable, DSL, ISDN, satellite, and lant about security. to prevent wireless SECITON D.Local area networks use many of the activate wireless same network technologies as the Internet, only on a smaller signals from being intercepted during transmission. A limited- network can be created for scale. Devices that access LANs are equipped with a network interface access the that contains circuitry for visitors to use. By activating wireless or wired connections. Devices also have a physical router will be able to assign IP addresses to each device that address, in addition to the IP addresses joins the network. To connect to a secure LAN that is pro acquired from a DHCP server. The most popular wired tech- nology is technology is tected by encryption, an encryption The most popular wireless or password, is required. LANs can be used to access data which can be config- collected by loT devices and the networks that tie these or star topology. Setting devices together. Technologies such as RFID, NFC, Bluetooth sitter asRFID,NF ured as a(n) up a LAN and configuring its router is fairly easy. The first Smart, ZigBee, and Z-Wave offer to one -power links, essential for battery-powered devices that can't step is to change the standard that is secure. Next, create a(n) uniquely identifies the network by name. It is also important to that expend excess amounts of energy transmitting data. used. File sharing is also possible across network SECTION E: ments, photos, music, and other data to be accessed from you downloed files from Internet severs Fie sharing allows files containing docu One technology used which provides a way to transfer files over any TCP/IP network. Another file r sharing protocol called distibutes the role of a file server across a collection of dispersed com- for this purpose is computers other than the one on which they are stored. To access files on a LAN, network allows your computer to see other devices and permits other devices to see your computer. Sharing the files on your computer poses a security risk, but it is possible to specity for how your shared files can be