SECTION A

Read the entire exercise (all questions) before beginning. More compensation information is available than ever before. Go to www.salary.com (Links to an external site.) or any other on-line salary website. These sites provide pay data on hundreds of jobs in cities all over the United States in may different industries. Identify several (3) jobs of interest to you, including your own. Select specific cities or use the U.S. national average. Obtain the median, the 25th and 75thpercentile base wage, and total cash compensation rates for each job and other relevant data necessary to address the following questions. Submit your responses to the following questions on line in Word format. Include the job descriptions (you may have to copy and past to a word document), pay ranges and other relevant information. 1. List all of the jobs that you chose. Which jobs are paid more or less? (rank them) Is this what you would have expected? Why or why not? 2. Do the jobs have different bonuses as a percentage of their total cash compensation package? What could explain these differences? 3. Read the job descriptions. Are they accurate descriptions for jobs that you would be applying for or evaluating? Why or why not? Are there jobs for which you cannot find an appropriate match? Why would this be the case? 4. Check out these jobs at either your company of those being advertised. Where did you find the jobs? How does the pay for jobs advertised either at your company or elsewhere differ from the pay levels on salary.com? Why do these differences exist? 5. How could you/your employees use this information while negotiating salaries? What factors will influence the final salary level? 6. What is the relevant labor market for these jobs? How big are the differences between salaries in different locations? 7. For each job, compare the median salary to the low and high averages. How much variation exists? What factors might explain this variation in pay rates for the same job? 8. Look for a description of how these salary data are developed. Do you think it provides enough information? Why or why not? Discuss some of the factors that might impair the accuracy of these data. What are the implications of using inaccurate salary data for individuals or companies? 9. With this information available for free, why would you bother with consultant's surveys? 10. If you were a manager, how would you justify paying one of your employees either higher or lower than the results shown on this Web site?

SECTION B

The following equations are obtained from a force diagram of a rectangular farm gate, supported by two hinges on the left-hand side. A bucket of grain is hanging from the latch.

A+C=0A+C=0

+B392N50.0N=0+B392N50.0N=0

A(0)+B(0)+C(1.80m)392N(1.50m)A(0)+B(0)+C(1.80m)392N(1.50m)

50.0N(3.00m)=050.0N(3.00m)=0

(a) Draw the force diagram and complete the statement of the problem, specifying the unknowns. (b) Determine the values of the unknowns and state the physical meaning of each.

A 10.0-kg monkey climbs a uniform ladder with weight1.201.20102N102Nand lengthL=3.00mL=3.00mas shown in FigureP12.24P12.24. The ladder rests against the wall and makes an angle of=60.0=60.0with the ground. The upper and lower ends of the ladder rest on frictionless surfaces. The lower end is connected to the wall by a horizontal rope that is frayed and can support a maximum tension of only 80.0NN. (a) Draw a force diagram for the ladder. (b) Find the normal force exerted on the bottom of the ladder. (c) Find the tension in the rope when the monkey is two-thirds of the way up the ladder. (d) Find the maximum distanceddthat the monkey can climb up the ladder before the rope breaks. (e) If the horizontal surface were rough and the rope were removed, how would your analysis of the problem change? What other information would you need to answer parts (c) and (d)?

A uniform beam of lengthLLand massmmshown in Figure PI2.16 is inclined at an angleto the horizontal. Its upper end is connected to a wall by a rope, and its lower end rests on a rough, horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction between the beam and surface isxx. Assume the angleis such that the static friction force is at its maximum value. (a) Draw a force diagram for the beam. (b) Using the condition of rotational equilibrium, find an expression for the tensionTTin the rope in terms ofm,g,m,g,and..(c) Using the condition of translational equilibrium, find a second expression forTTin terms ofs,m,s,m,andgg. (d) Using the results from parts (a) through (c), obtain an expression forssinvolving only the angle..(e) What happens if the ladder is lifted upward and its base is placed back on the ground slightly to the left of its position in Figure Pl2. 16 ? Explain.

A 20.0-kg floodlight in a park is supported at the end of a horizontal beam of negligible mass that is hinged to a pole as shown in Figure P12.18. A cable at an angle of=30.0=30.0with the beam helps support the light. (a) Draw a force diagram for the beam. By computing torques about an axis at the hinge at the left-hand end of the beam, find (b) the tension in the cable, (c) the horizontal component of the force exerted by the pole on the beam, and (d) the vertical component of this force. Now solve the same problem from the force diagram from part (a) by computing torques around the junction between the cable and the beam at the right-hand end of the beam. Find (e) the vertical component of the force exerted by the pole on the beam, (f) the tension in the cable, and (g) the horizontal component of the force exerted by the pole on the beam. (h) Compare the solution to parts (b) through (d) with the solution to parts (e) through (g). Is either solution more accurate?

Sir Lost-a-Lot dons his armor and sets out from the castle on his trusty steed (Fig. Pl2.19). Usually, the drawbridge is lowered to a horizontal position so that the end of the bridge rests on the stone ledge. Unfortunately, Lost-a-Lot's squire didn't lower the drawbridge far enough and stopped it at=20.0=20.0above the horizontal. The knight and his horse stop when their combined center of mass isd=d=1.00mmfrom the end of the bridge. The uniform bridge is=8.00m=8.00mlong and has mass 2000kgkg. The lift cable is attached to the bridge 5.00mmfrom the hinge at the castle end and to a point on the castle wallh=12.0mh=12.0mabove the bridge. Lost-a-Lot's mass combined with his armor and steed is 1000kgkg. Determine (a) the tension in the cable and (b) the horizontal and (c) the vertical force components acting on the bridge at the hinge.

Cain is pushing his daughter Rachel in a wheelbarrow when it is stopped by a brick of heighthh(Fig. PI2.21). The handles make an angle ofwith the ground. Due to the weight of Rachel and the wheelbarrow, a downward forcemgmgis exerted at the center of the wheel, which has a radiusRR. (a) What forceFFmust John apply along the handles to just start the wheel over the brick? (b) What are the components of the force that the brick exerts on the wheel just as the wheel begins to lift over the brick? In both parts, assume the brick remains fixed and does not slide along the ground. Also assume the force applied by John is directed exactly toward the center of the wheel.

The deepest point in the ocean is in the Mariana Trench, about 11kmkmdeep, in the Pacific. The pressure at this depth is huge, about1.13108N/m21.13108N/m2. (a) Calculate the change in volume of 1.00m3m3of seawater carried from the surface to this deepest point. (b) The density of seawater at the surface is1.03103kg/m3.1.03103kg/m3.Find its density at the bottom. (c) Explain whether or when it is a good approximation to think of water as incompressible.

An alloy is a metallic mixture composed of two or more elements. As is the case in all mixtures, the relative amounts of the elements in an alloy can vary. In some cases, the components of an alloy can have different crystal structures. For example, a nickel-chromium alloy consists of nickel, which has a face-centered cubic structure, and chromium, which has a body-centered cubic structure. Which structure does the alloy adopt? It depends on the relative compositions. The phase diagrams for alloys such as these reveal the structure as a function of the alloy composition. For example, the nickel and chromium phase diagram from 700 degree C to 1900 degree C is shown here:

Notice that the diagram has two different solid phases: face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic. From pure nickel (0 mol % chromium) to about 40-50 mol % chromium, the structure is face-centered cubic. In this structure, Cr atoms substitute for Ni atoms in the face-centered cubic structure of nickel. However, when an amount of chromium beyond a certain percentage (which depends on temperature) is added, that structure is no longer stable. At the other end of the diagram, from pure chromium to about 75% chromium (depending on temperature), the structure is body-centered cubic, with nickel substituting into the body-centered cubic structure of the chromium. The region in between the two phases is called the two-phase region. At these compositions, the two phases (nickel-rich face-centered cubic and chromium-rich body-centered cubic) exist together (the solution is not homogeneous in this region). Use the phase diagram to answer the following questions. a. What is the relative composition of the mixture at point A? At what temperature does a solid mixture having this composition melt? b. Is it possible to have a homogeneous solid mixture that is 50% Ni and 50% Cr? If so, what crystalline structure would it have? c. What is the relative composition at point B? What is the crystalline structure at point B? d. At what temperature does the solid present at point B begin to melt?

A uniform beam resting on two pivots has a lengthL=6.00mL=6.00mand massM=90.0kgM=90.0kg. The pivot under the left end exerts a normal forcen1n1on the beam, and the second pivot located a distance=4.00m=4.00mfrom the left end exerts a normal forcen2.n2.A woman of massm=55.0kgm=55.0kgsteps onto the left end of the beam and begins walking to the right as in FigureP12.38P12.38. The goal is to find the woman's position when the beam begins to tip. (a) What is the appropriate analysis model for the beam before it begins to tip? (b) Sketch a force diagram for the beam, labeling the gravitational and normal forces acting on the beam and placing the woman a distancexxto the right of the first pivot, which is the origin. (c) Where is the woman when the normal forcen1n1is the greatest? (d) What isn1n1when the beam is about to tip? (e) Use Equation 12.1 to find the value ofn2n2when the beam is about to tip. (ff) Using the result of part (d) and Equation 12.2 , with torques computed around the second pivot, find the woman's positionxxwhen the beam is about to tip. (g) Check the answer to part (e) by computing torques around the first pivot point.

The lintel of prestressed reinforced concrete in FigureP12.40P12.40is 1.50mmlong. The concrete encloses one steel reinforcing rod with cross-sectional area 1.50cm2cm2. The rod joins two strong end plates. The cross-sectional area of the concrete perpendicular to the rod is 50.0cm2cm2. Young's modulus for the concrete is30.0109N/m230.0109N/m2. After the concrete cures and the original tensionT1T1in the rod is released, the concrete is to be under compressive stress8.00106N/m2.8.00106N/m2.(a) By what distance will the rod compress the concrete when the original tension in the rod is released? (b) What is the new tensionT2T2in the rod? (c) The rod will then be how much longer than its unstressed length? (d) When the concrete was poured, the rod should have been stretched by what extension distance from its unstressed length? (e) Find the required original tensionT1T1in the rod.

When a gymnast performing on the rings executes the iron cross, he maintains the position at rest shown in FigureP12.53aP12.53a. In this maneuver, the gymnast's feet (not shown) are off the floor. The primary muscles involved in supporting this position are the latissimus dorsi ("lats") and the pectoralis major ("pecs"). One of the rings exerts an upward forceFhFhon a hand as shown in FigureP12.53bP12.53b. The forceFsFsis exerted by the shoulder joint on the arm. The latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major muscles exert a total forceFmFmon the arm. (a) Using the information in the figure, find the magnitude of the forceFmFmfor an athlete of weight 750NN. (b) Suppose an athlete in training cannot perform the iron cross but can hold a position similar to the figure in which the arms make a4545angle with the horizontal rather than being horizontal. Why is this position easier for the athlete?