Shareholders can ensure that firms pursue goals that are in their best interest by _____.

a. actively implementing remedies to realign management decisions with the interests of investors

b. binding the management with stockholder-sponsored proposals

c. providing incentives to managers to motivate them to take actions that maximize stock prices

d. ensuring that management is working towards maximizing current earnings

e. compensating managers on the basis of the firm's best performance in the last five years