Sharpe Fabricators Corporation manufactures a variety of parts for the automotive industry. The company uses a job-order costing system with a plant-wide predetermined overhead rate based on direct labor-hours. On December 10, 2020, the company's controller made a preliminary estimate of the predetermined overhead rate for 2021. The new rate was based on the estimated total manufacturing overhead cost of $2,846,250 and the estimated 57,200 total direct labor-hours for 2021:

$2,846,250 / 57,200 = $49.76 per direct labor hour

This new predetermined overhead rate was communicated to top managers in a meeting on December 11. The rate did not cause any comment because it was within a few pennies of the overhead rate that had been used during 2020. One of the subjects discussed at the meeting was a proposal by the production manager to purchase an automated milling machine center built by Central Robotics. The president of Sharpe Fabricators, Kevin Reynolds, agreed to meet with the regional sales representative from Central Robotics to discuss the proposal.

On the day following the meeting, Mr. Reynolds met with Jay Warner, Central Robotics' sales representative. The following discussion took place:

Reynolds:

Larry Winter, our production manager, asked me to meet with you since he is interested in installing an automated milling machine center. Frankly, I am skeptical. You're going to have to show me this isn't just another expensive toy for Larry's people to play with.

Warner:

That shouldn't be too difficult, Mr. Reynolds. The automated milling machine center has three major advantages. First, it is much faster than the manual methods you are using. It can process about twice as many parts per hour as your present milling machines. Second, it is much more flexible. There are some up-front programming costs, but once those have been incurred, almost no setup is required on the machines for standard operations. You just punch in the code of the standard operation, load the machine's hopper with raw material, and the machine does the rest.

Reynolds:

Yeah, but what about cost? Having twice the capacity in the milling machine area won't do us much good. That center is idle much of the time anyway.

Warner:

I was getting there. The third advantage of the automated milling machine center is lower cost. Larry Winters and I looked over your present operations, and we estimated that the automated equipment would eliminate the need for about 6,600 direct labor-hours a year. What is your direct labor cost per hour?

Reynolds:

The wage rate in the milling area averages about $23.10 per hour, not including benefits. Fringe benefits raise that figure to about $33.00 per hour.

Warner:

Don't forget your overhead.

Reynolds:

Next year the overhead rate will be about $49.76 per hour.

Warner:

So including fringe benefits and overhead, the cost per direct labor-hour is about $82.76.

Reynolds:

That's right.

Warner:

Since you can save 6,600 direct labor-hours per year, the cost savings would amount to about $546,000 a year.

Reynolds:

That's pretty impressive, but you aren't giving away this equipment are you?

Warner:

Several options are available, including leasing and outright purchase. Just for comparison purposes, our 60-month lease plan would require payments of only $330,000 per year.

Reynolds:

Sold! When can you install the equipment?

Shortly after this meeting, Mr. Reynolds informed the company's controller of the decision to lease the new equipment, which would be installed over the Christmas vacation period. The controller realized that this decision would require a re-computation of the predetermined overhead rate for the year 2021 since the decision would affect both the manufacturing overhead and the direct labor-hours for the year. After talking with both the production manager and the sales representative from Central Robotics, the controller discovered that in addition to the annual lease cost of $330,000, the new machine would also require a technician/programmer who would have to be hired at a cost of 75,000 per year to maintain and program the equipment. Both of these costs would be included in factory overhead. There would be no other changes in total manufacturing overhead cost, which is almost entirely fixed. The controller assumed that the new machine would result in a reduction of 6,600 direct labor-hours for the year from the levels that had initially been planned.

When the revised predetermined overhead rate for the year 2021 was circulated among the company's top managers, there was considerable dismay.

Required:

1) Re-compute the predetermined rate assuming that the new machine will be

installed. Explain why the new predetermined overhead rate is higher (or lower)

than the rate that was originally estimated for the year 2021.

2) What effect (if any) would this new rate have on the cost of jobs that do not

use the new automated milling machine? Why?

3) Why would managers be concerned about the new overhead rate?

4) After seeing the new predetermined overhead rate, the production manager

admitted that she probably wouldn't be able to eliminate all of the 6,000 direct

labor-hours. She had been hoping to accomplish the reduction by not replacing

workers who retire or quit, but that would not be possible. As a result, the real

labor savings would be only about 1,950 hoursone worker. In the light of this

additional information, evaluate the original decision to acquire the automated

milling machine from Central Robotics.

Please show all work as I'm using these examples to learn. Thank you!