Shelly has been awakened every night this week by a pack of barking dogs in the alley behind her apartment building. Finally fed up, she grabs a BB gun her nephew left at her apartment and shoots out of the window at the dogs. Just as she is shooting, Carol, one of her neighbors, comes out from behind the building, right where the dogs are. Carol shrieks and falls to the ground, holding her arm. The dogs run away. Carol looks up and sees Shelly holding the gun in the window. Carol presses criminal charges against Shelly and contacts the firm where you work because she wants to sue Shelly civilly as well.

Consider the elements of intent and whether she can be held liable civilly despite having no specific intention to cause harm to Carol.