Short Story Americas economic achievements have led to staggering profits for stockholders. During the 20th century the Dow-Jones Industrials advanced from 66 to 11,497, a 17,320% capital gain that was materially boosted by steadily increasing dividends. The trend continues: By yearend 2016, the index had advanced a further 72%, to 19,763.

American business and consequently a basket of stocks is virtually certain to be worth far more in the years ahead. Innovation, productivity gains, entrepreneurial spirit and an abundance of capital will see to that. Ever-present naysayers may prosper by marketing their gloomy forecasts. But heaven help them if they act on the nonsense they peddle.

Many companies, of course, will fall behind, and some will fail. Winnowing of that sort is a product of market dynamism. Moreover, the years ahead will occasionally deliver major market declines even panics that will affect virtually all stocks. No one can tell you when these traumas will occur not me, not Charlie, not economists, not the media. Meg McConnell of the New York Fed aptly described the reality of panics: We spend a lot of time looking for systemic risk; in truth, however, it tends to find us.

During such scary periods, you should never forget two things: First, widespread fear is your friend as an investor, because it serves up bargain purchases. Second, personal fear is your enemy. It will also be unwarranted. Investors who avoid high and unnecessary costs and simply sit for an extended period with a collection of large, conservatively-financed American businesses will almost certainly do well.

As for Berkshire, our size precludes a brilliant result: Prospective returns fall as assets increase. Nonetheless, Berkshires collection of good businesses, along with the companys impregnable financial strength and owner-oriented culture, should deliver decent results. We wont be satisfied with less. Question: Explain why Buffett says that our size precludes a brilliant result