SHORT-TERM FINANCING AND OPTIONS CONTRACT

Gregg, the CFO and the board of directors of Baldwin Inc. have taken enough time to discuss capital budgeting, dividend policy, and capital structure and now want to focus their attention onshort-term finance and cash planningof the company. The board is considering the ways to improve the working capital management of the company. They are also discussing various sources of short-term financing and the minimum amount of money to borrow in the short-term to finance inventory and accounts receivable associated with sales growth. Gregg opened the meeting with the statement that the company must investigate itscash cycleand find ways to improve it because he has noticed a deterioration in the cash flow management of the firm.

Gregg was worried that the inventory period of the company has increased from 70 days in the previous year to 80 days in the current year and the accounts receivable period has also increased from 47 days in the previous year to 55 days in the current year whilst the accounts payable period remains the same at 52 days. He explained that if the two components of cash cycle i.e.operating cycleandaccounts payable periodare not improved, the company might need to borrow $5.5 million short-term next year to fill the gap between short-term cash inflows and cash outflows.

Gregg presented to the board the following ratios to show how the company has performed over the past two years:

Exhibit 1: Asset Utilization Ratios of Baldwin Inc.

Asset Utilization Ratios

2018 2019

Inventory turnover

5.14 times 4.5 times

Inventory period

70 days 80 days

Accounts Receivable period

47 days 55 days

Accounts Payable period

52 days 52 days

Operating cycle

117 days ?

Cash cycle

65 days ?

The Credit manager of the company, Josh Waters explained that the company can change some aspects of itsshort-term financial policyand find alternative financing policies to fund current assets to improve its working capital management. Another board member, Jacky Jackson was of the view thatcash budgetis a primary tool of short-term financial planning that can be used to improve the cash management of Baldwin Inc. She believed that having short-to-medium term cash budget for the next five years can help the company identify its short-term financial needs or opportunities and the required amount needed to borrow for the next five years. In that way the company will be able to arrange for short-term finance in advance to reduce the risk of cash shortages. With the expected improvement in current asset management of the company, some investors believe that the company's stock price will increase. One investor, Desmond Clinton is of the opinion that buying a call optionon the stock will give him the right to purchase more of the stock of the company now at a fixed price before the price of the stock jumps up. The stock price of Baldwin is currently $25. The exercise price is $30 per share. Thecall optionandput optionon the company's stock expires in one year.

The board is determined to improve the company's short-term financial management policies and wants you to assist them achieve that objective.

1.Using the ratios presented by Gregg, the board chairman wants you to calculate the following and explain what they mean to all the board members:

i).Operating cycleof the company for 2019

ii).Cash cycleof the company for 2019