Should healthcare be a right or a privilege? The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948, declares that "everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of oneself and one's family, including food, clothing, housing, and medical care." Hard work and healthy living cannot ensure being healthy. With the high cost of living, many people cannot live healthily. Many consumers cannot afford health insurance due to increased healthcare costs. Therefore, guaranteed health insurance is preferred. It is a way of ensuring human rights. However, there is another perspective. People argue that it is the individual's responsibility, not the government's, to ensure personal health. Many health problems, such as obesity and diabetes, can often be prevented by living healthier lifestyles. The individual should be responsible for the health costs themselves. The costs of health care could be another primary concern for us. Critics argue that universal health insurance will increase costs because more people depend on the government for healthcare. Universal health insurance, in turn, might cause costs to be passed onto the taxpayers and prompt the government to limit certain types of care. Guaranteed healthcare for all people may lead people to make riskier decisions because they know that they are guaranteed healthcare if they get hurt. Health care costs will also increase because of waste and abuse of resources. II. Questions and Framework for the Paper What is your opinion on Healthcare System? Should it be Universal or Private? Please use the following framework to consider the situation and draw your conclusion. 1. The Background and Stakeholders of the Healthcare Industry In the textbook, we discuss stakeholders. Ethics should consider the stakeholders (pp. 77-84). What are their significant stakeholders for the healthcare industry or companies? What are each stakeholder's interests and concerns in the healthcare system? Please make a table to list them and discuss their concerns. 2. Rules and Principles Used to Make A Decision in the Healthcare System According to our textbook, there are four principles (rules) for Ethical Decision Making (pp. 94-95): the utilitarian approach, individual approach, moral rights approach, and proper justice approach. Please also see the enclosed document on "10 ethical decision rules to bullet-proof business". (Please read Appendix A.) In this paper, you will select five different rules from the textbook and the appendix paper. Make a table to list the rules you choose and discuss the pros and cons of each principle relating to healthcare choices concerning stakeholders. 3. Decisions and Conclusions Please write a report using the five rules you chose. Overall, you should base on five rules you review, compare them, and decide on the subject, i.e., should the health care system be public or private? Write an executive summary for this paper. Specifically 1. You should define the healthcare system from different stakeholders' perspectives. (rubric 1) 2. Use five rules to discuss them. Under specific rules, what will be recommendations? (rubric 2) 3. Reach and justify your recommendation and write a conclusion. (rubric 3) The rubric with three categories will be used to assess your report. They are ethical awareness, ethical issue recognition, and ethical application. 4. Formatting In addition to the UCA required rubric, one additional rubric is added to assess the format, and professionalism is used. This is rubric 4.

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