show formulas and work plz

(20-24) In each of the following cases, how many dollars of preferred dividends per share should be paid to preferred stockholders in the current period before any common dividends are paid? Problem Type Par Value Dividend Arrears (Passed) 20 Non-Cumulative 50 3.00% 1 21 Cumulative 100 4.00% 3 22 Cumulative 80 2.00% 4 23 Non-Cumulative 40 3.50% 2 24 Cumulative 150 5.00% 3