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c) The bond's yield to maturity is the required rate of return for creditors of the firm regardless of the investors' intent of holding horizons. The reason is that it represents the rate that is:

1) the investor can earn if consider holding the bond until maturity

2) represents the inflation rate prevails in the current economy

3) the money market interest for savings as time deposit

4) the long-term interest rate for debts

5) none of the above.