Show your steps and calculations for the tables for a-c.

Historical Utilization Trends

Historical inpatient utilization trends may be helpful in understanding the potential for increases in market share and profitability of future planning. Table 13.4 presents descriptive statistics on length of stay in the three hospitals in the Westside Hospital Network. The mean length of stay for the overall hospital network is 5.09 days (standard deviation of 6.17 days). Male patients have a longer length of stay than females do, and white patients have a shorter length of stay than patients of all other races do. Westside Medical Center has shorter stays, with private insurance patients demonstrating the shortest length of stay (mean of 4.92 days).

Table 13.5 presents information on length of stay, stratified into two categories (stay up to seven days and stays of more than seven days), from a sample of pediatric inpatients in the Westside Hospital Network. Overall, of slightly more than 9,000 inpatient says, 7,854 (87%) were of seven days or less. This distribution remains constant regardless of population characteristics.

Figure 13.5 is a graphic representation of the distribution of short and long stays.

Assume that a LOS (length of stay) of up to seven days is classified as short, and an LOS greater than seven days is classified as long. Given this assumption, and using 2-by-2 contingency tables, determine the following ratios and risks.

a.Risk of a long stay for whites as compared to African Americans

b.Risk of a long stay for patients in Westside Medical Center as compared with patients in the other hospitals in Westside Hospital Network.

c.Risk of a long stay for patients with private insurance as compared to patients with all other payment sources.

Table 13.4 Length of Stay, by population characteristics.

Characteristics Mean (days)Median (days)Standard

deviation

Overall 5.093.006.17

Sex

Male 6.49 4.008.77

Female 4.71 3.00 6.17

Race

White 5.433.007.78

Black 6.724.007.10

Other 5.894.006.32

Hospital

Eastside Hospital 7.235.008.51

Riverside Hospital 5.39 3.008.32

Westside Medical Center 5.313.007.14

Primary payment source

Worker's compensation 4.983.006.44

Medicare 8.476.009.49

Medicaid or CHIP 5.513.006.23

Private insurance4.923.006.57

Self-pay5.803.007.39

Other5.303.006.52

Table 13.5 Distribution of short and long stays, by population characteristics.

CharacteristicNumber of short Number of long

stays (up to 7 days)stays (more than 7 days)

Overall7,8541,185

Age

Under 5 years3,995690

6-10 years1,023135

11-14 years780138

15-18 years2,056222

Sex

Male 3,774649

Female4,080536

Race

White4,103572

Black1,651283

Other20042

Hospital

Eastside Hospital98174

Riverside Hospital1,401211

Westside Medical Center5,472900

Primary payment source

Workers' compensation 151

Medicare 3520

Medicaid or CHIP2,209363

Private insurance4,175596

Self-pay69077

Other52690

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