So far in this chapter, we have assumed that the fiscal policy variables G and T are independent of the level of income. In the real world, however, this is not the case. Taxes typically depend on the level of income and so tend to be higher when income is higher. In this problem, we examine how this automatic response of taxes can help reduce the impact of changes in autonomous spending on output. Consider the following behavioral equations: C = c0 + c1YD T = t0 + t1Y YD = Y - T G and I are both constant. Assume that t1 is between 0 and 1.

a. Solve for equilibrium output.

b. What is the multiplier? Does the economy respond more to changes in autonomous spending when t1 is 0 or when t1 is positive? Explain.

c. Why is fiscal policy in this case called an automatic stabilizer?