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A matrix of 32-bit integers, x[512][32] (i.e. 512 rows with 32 elements per row) resides at memory address 3EA4000 on a machine with a virtual memory system that employs a page size of 8192 bytes. Assume that the amount of physical memory available to contain pages from the matrix is 32768 bytes, and that an LRU page replacement algorithm is used.Initially, all page map table entries are invalid (i.e., none of the required pages are in memory). The following high level nested loops are used to add the constant 1 to each element in the matrix:

for (j = 0; j

for (k = 0; k

}

a) Considering only the page faults generated in referencing the matrix (i.e., ignoring those that might result from instruction fetches or from referencing the loop indices), indicate how many page faults occur in executing the code if the matrix is stored in column-major order (as used with the Fortran language or with Matlab).

b) Considering only the page faults generated in referencing the matrix (i.e., ignoring those that might result from instruction fetches or from referencing the loop indices), indicate how many page faults occur in executing the code if the matrix is stored in row-major order (as used with the C language or with Java)

In studies of the effects of various factors on development, in order to control for the potential endogeneity of these factors (i.e., the possibility that growth and development are affecting the supposedly "causal" variable, rather than the other way around), instrumental variables are often used. Consider the case of settler mortality as an instrumental variable in analyzing the effect of institutions on growth. If settler mortality is to be a VALID instrumental variable, which of the following MUST hold? C] Settler mortality must be correlated with long-ten'n growth. [:1 Settler mortality in the colonial period must logically influence variation in current institutional quality. and not the reverse. C] Settler mortality should affect growth and development directly in the short term but not in the long term. C] Settler mortality must vary across countries less than institutional quality. C] Settler mortality should only weakly influence growth through other channels. C] Settler mortality must not affect growth and development directly. but only through institutions. Fixed Effects models report Average Treatment Effects. A Regression Discontinuity model is used to find Average Treatment Effects Local Area Treatment Effects Group Average Effects Outer Effects Robust standard errors are robust to homoscedasticity O heteroscedasticity O omitted variable bias O none of the above Fixed effects models are used because we are concerned with A heteroscedasticity O B. omitted variable bias O c. endogeneity O D. nonlinear effectsWhich of the following is an example of a natural experiment? 0 Hurricane 0 All these anawers are correct 0 Drought 0 Unanticipated economic events 2. (30 points) Create the state table for the following state diagram. Perform the state reduction using both row matching method and the implication table method. Draw the new minimized state diagram. SO 0 SI $5