###################################################################### # Specification: cylvol(r, h) takes two integers, r and h, and returns # an integer approximation of the volume of a cylinder with radius r # and height h. Note that your function should use only integer # operations and does not require the use of assignment or any sort of # conditional. # # Background: Recall from high school math that the volume of a # cylinder is given by the expression V=Pi*h*r^2, where r^2 denotes # radius squared and Pi is Archimedes' constant, the irrational # transcendental number that begins 3.1415. # # Because Pi is irrational, its decimal representation is infinitely # long. Fortunately for us, there are simple integer approximations # of Pi that have been used for over a thousand years. For example, Pi # can be approximated with the following ratios: 22:7, 333:106, # 355:113, 3927:1250, and 52163:16604, among others. Here, we'll use # the last one, 52163:16604, as the larger values provide greater # precision in this situation. # # Note that because we're interested in the integer approximation of # the volume and using only integer operations, as a general strategy # we will "delay" the implicit integer division contained in the # approximation of Pi for as long as possible, so that the numerator # of the final division is as large as possible, a strategy that makes # great use of Python's unbounded integer representation. # # For example: # >>> cylvol(1, 10) # 31 # Compare with 31.42 # >>> cylvol(25, 15) # 29452 # Compare with 29451.56 # def cylvol(r, h): pass # Start here: replace this line with your code.

###################################################################### # Specification: endSwap(S, i) takes a sequence, S, and an integer i # where 0 <= i < len(S) and returns a new sequence constructed by # exchanging the ends of S at index location i. Your solution should # not require the use of assignment or any sort of conditional. # # Hint: note that the sequence returned will always begin with S[i]. # # Example: # >>> endSwap("abcdefgh", 3) # 'defghabc' # S[3] is 'd' # def endSwap(S, i): pass # Start here: replace this line with your code.

###################################################################### # Specification: meiosis(S1, S2, i) takes two equal-length sequences, # S1 and S2, and an integer i where 0 <= i < len(S1) and returns a # tuple of two new sequences constructed by exchanging subsequences of # S1 and S2 starting at index location i. Your solution should not # require the use of assignment or any sort of conditional. # # Example: # >>> meiosis("abcdefghij", "0123456789", 4) # ('0123efghij', 'abcd456789') # def meiosis(S1, S2, i): pass # Start here: replace this line with your code.

###################################################################### # Specification: squiggle(S, k) takes a string, S, having more than # one element, and returns a new string that breaks S apart at its # centermost location, inserts k underscores (i.e., '_') and reverses # the trailing half of S. Note: you don't have to enforce the # len(S)>=2 constraint, nor should your solution require the use of # assignment or any sort of conditional. # # Hint: In the event S has odd length, the "centermost location" is # defined as the location that produces a "shorter" half followed by a # "longer" half. # # Example: # >>> squiggle("1234567890", 4) # '12345____09876' # >>> squiggle("1234", 0) # '1243' # def squiggle(S, k): pass # Start here: replace this line with your code.

###################################################################### # Specification: countVowels(S) takes a lowercase string, S, and # returns the number of vowels that are present in the string. Your # solution does not require use of assignment or any sort of # conditional, but should rather consist of a return statement # containing a single expression. # # Hint: The vowels consist of the five characters 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', # and 'u'. # # Example: # >>> countVowels("the rain in spain falls mainly in the plains") # 3 # >>> countVowels("sock it to me") # 3 # def countVowels(S): pass # Start here: replace this line with your code.

###################################################################### # MAKE NO CHANGES BEYOND THIS POINT. ###################################################################### if __name__ == '__main__': print('### Absence of Warnings or Errors indicates a clean pass through the test cases provided. ') if all([ "hawkid" in x for x in signed() ]): print('### Warning: Complete definition of signed() or no points will be awarded!') if cylvol(27, 111)!=254214: print('### Error: cylvol(27, 111) returns {}, expected 245214.'.format(cylvol(13, 13))) if endSwap((4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3), 3)!=(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6): print('### Error: endSwap((4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3), 3) returns {}, expected (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).'.format(endSwap((4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3), 3))) if endSwap('to be or not to be', 9)!='not to beto be or ': print('### Error: endSwap(\'to be or not to be\', 9) returns {}, expected \'not to beto be or \'.'.format(endSwap('to be or not to be', 9))) if meiosis("computer", "SCIENCE", 3)!=('SCIputer', 'comENCE'): print('### Error: meiosis("computer", "SCIENCE", 3) returns {}, expected (\'SCIputer\', \'comENCE\').'.format(meiosis("computer", "SCIENCE", 3))) if meiosis("computer", "SCIENCE", 0)!=('computer', 'SCIENCE'): print('### Error: meiosis("computer", "SCIENCE", 0) returns {}, expected (\'computer\', \'SCIENCE\')).'.format(meiosis("computer", "SCIENCE", 3))) if meiosis((1, 2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, 8), -2)!=((5, 6, 3, 4), (1, 2, 7, 8)): print('### Error: meiosis((1, 2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, 8), -2) returns {}, expected ((5, 6, 3, 4), (1, 2, 7, 8)).'.format(meiosis((1, 2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, 8), 2))) if squiggle("ab", 0)!='ab': print('### Error: squiggle("ab", 0) returns {}, expected \'ab\'.'.format(squiggle("ab", 0))) if squiggle("computersecneics", 4)!='computer____sciences': print('### Error: squiggle("computersecneics", 4) returns {}, expected \'computer____sciences\'.'.format(squiggle("computersecneics", 4))) if countVowels("she had a dream about the king of sweden")!=5: print('### Error: countVowels("she had a dream about the king of sweden") returns {}, expected 5.'.format(countVowels("she had a dream about the king of sweden"))) if countVowels("six and three is nine, nine and nine is eighteen")!=3: print('### Error: countVowels("six and three is nine, nine and nine is eighteen") returns {}, expected 3.'.format(countVowels("six and three is nine, nine and nine is eighteen")))

in python please