SPSS Module 5 AssignmentIndependent t Test

General Instructions: In this assignment, we will be examining 2 Independent t tests and interpreting the results. As with previous assignments, the Aspelmeier and Pierce texts does a wonderful job of explaining how to actually run the tests in Chapter 7. Follow their instructions for interpretation of these test as you complete this assignment. Once again I have run the test and given you the SPSS output you will need to complete this assignment.

Independent t test:

The researchers want to compare older females to younger females on their ratings of Loyalty. Also, researchers want to compare Freshman and Sophomores on their reported number of friends. As we learned from the text and the PPTs, we know these research situations require the use of the Independent t Tests. Here are the researchers' hypotheses:

1.The researchers think that older females will report more loyalty with their closest female friend than will younger females.

2.The researchers also believe that Freshmen will report having more friends that Sophomores.

Part 1The Analyses

1.For this assignment, I've run 2 Independentt Tests: one comparing older and younger females on loyalty and one comparing Freshmen and Sophomores on number of friends.

Output:

Hypothesis One Independent T-Test

Group Statistics

agegrp

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

Loyalty

1.00

47

59.62

7.070

1.031

2.00

53

61.38

4.486

.616

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

t-test for Equality of Means

F

Sig.

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

Std. Error Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower

Upper

Loyalty

Equal variances assumed

3.504

.064

-1.504

98

.136

-1.760

1.171

-4.083

.563

Equal variances not assumed

-1.465

76.128

.147

-1.760

1.201

-4.153

.632

Hypothesis Two Independent T-Test

Group Statistics

Year in College

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

Number of Female Friends

Freshman

59

5.42

3.024

.394

Sophomore

41

5.10

2.836

.443

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

t-test for Equality of Means

F

Sig.

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

Std. Error Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower

Upper

Number of Female Friends

Equal variances assumed

.031

.860

.544

98

.588

.326

.600

-.864

1.516

Equal variances not assumed

.550

89.612

.583

.326

.593

-.851

1.503

Part 2The APA Write-Up Instructions

As with previous assignments, the American Psychological Association (APA) has standards for how statistical results should be presented.While the actual word choice varies, there are several essential components that are common among all presentations of statistical results and interpretations.Use the following instructions for ALL APA write-ups required for this course:

For each analysis, use the following steps to write a complete description of results in proper APA format.

1.State what hypothesis was tested.

2.State what test was used.

3.What decision did you make? Reject the null or retain (fail to reject) the null.

4.Were the groups significantly different from each other?

5.Report the means and standard deviations for each group.

6.Put numbers in APA format:

a.General Format: symbol for the test (df)= obtained value, p> or < significance level

b.Specific for t Tests: t(99)=1.98, p<.05

i.After this you need to put either equal variances assumed OR equal variances not assumed depending on the results of the Levene's Test

7.Report Effect Size (if known)

Example:

Adolescent males were expected to score significantly higher on a measure of aggression than were adolescent females. An independent t test was used to test the hypothesis leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Adolescent males (M=14.67, SD=2.35) were significantly more aggressive than were adolescent females (M=9.65, SD=1.59), t(78)=3.93, p<.05, equal variance assumed.

Since we ran 2 analyses, you will do 2 write-ups for this assignment. Remember to use chapter 7

Hypothesis One: The researchers think that older females will report more loyalty with their closest female friend that will younger females.

1.Answer the following questions

a.What is the null hypothesis tested?__________________________

b.Can we assume equal variances? (Was the Levene's Test for Equality of Variance significant or not significant?)

c.Write up the results for the Independent t Test for Hypothesis One below:

Hypothesis Two: The researchers also believe that Freshmen will report having more friends that Sophomores.

1.Answer the following questions

a.What is the null hypothesis tested?__________________________

b.Can we assume equal variances? (Was the Levene's Test for Equality of Variance significant or not significant?)

c.Write up the results for the Independent t Test for Hypothesis Two below: