State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Diabetes 11.1 7.2 10.1 10.3 9.6 7.2 8.2 8.7 9.9 9.6 7 7.8 8.9 10.1 8.6 8.8 9.8 11.5 8.2 9.4 7.7 9.4 6.8 11.7 9.6 6.2 7.4 8.5 7.8 8.4 9.4 9 9.7 7.8 10.5 10.6 9.1 8.9 8.9 10.6 7 10.9 10.6 7.9 6.4 Obesity Rates 32 27.4 24.7 30.9 23.8 20.7 24.5 28.8 26.6 28 21.8 27 27.1 30.8 29 29.6 30.4 33.4 27.8 28.3 22.7 31.3 25.7 34.9 30.3 24.6 28.4 24.5 26.2 23.7 26.3 24.5 29.1 27.8 29.6 31.1 26.7 28.6 25.4 30.8 28.1 29.2 30.4 24.4 25.4 Physical Activity 15 25 24.2 16.7 23.7 27.3 21.8 21.5 21.4 20.7 23.7 22.4 22 17.3 17.2 16.5 17.3 15.5 20.6 19.8 23.3 19.7 20.9 14.2 17.3 21.8 19 21.3 22.3 23.1 22.3 21.5 18.3 18 21.4 16.2 23.4 18.8 19.5 18.5 16 12.7 19 22.5 21.6 Poverty Rate 19 10.5 19 19.5 16.6 13.5 10.9 11.9 17 19.1 12 16.5 15 16 12.8 13.8 19.1 20.4 14.1 10.1 11.6 17.5 11.9 22.6 15.8 14.8 13.1 15.9 8.8 10.4 21.5 16 17.9 12.2 16.4 17.2 17.5 13.8 14.7 18.9 13.9 18.3 18.5 13.5 11.5 Smoking 25 24 21 26 15 20 18 21 21 21 16 18 21 25 22 19 29 26 20 19 17 24 17 26 26 20 21 24 17 18 20 19 23 17 26 26 18 22 20 24 22 25 21 11 18 Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 9.8 8.2 11.1 7.5 8.4 29.2 26.5 32.4 27.7 25 22.7 21 12.7 22.3 21.2 11.5 13.9 18.6 13.1 11.3 19 19 25 20 21 Week 8 Healthcare Application Assignment TEMPLATE (Required) Instructions: Please complete all YELLOW and BOLD areas. Submit this paper with your answers, etc. to the classroom. Your Name: _________________________________________ Please use the data, StatCrunch, (or Excel), and your knowledge of statistics to answer the questions below. *Download the provided CDC data into StatCrunch or Excel (located under this assignment on the class site). Part I 1a. Calculate the correlation coefficient (the r value) between each of the independent (and quantitative) variables, and the variable called diabetes. Fill in this TABLE that gives the r value (correlation) between each variable in the dataset and diabetes: r values TABLE DIABETE S Obesity Rates Physical Activity Poverty Rate Smoking r value here r value here r value here r value here 1b. What does this value tell us about the relationship between each of the independent variables and diabetes? Hint: In other words, looks at each r -value you have calculated. Each r-value will be either positive or negative (or 0). Each r-value will be strong, medium, or weak. Describe each of the r values in terms of the relationship that each represents. FILL IN THIS TABLE TO ANSWER #2: r values TABLE Obesity Rates Physical Activity Poverty Rate Smoking DIABETE S describe r value describe r value describe r value describe r value (positive or negative?) (strong, medium, weak)? What does it tell about the relationship ? (positive or negative?) (strong, medium, weak)? What does it tell about the relationship ? (positive or negative?) (strong, medium, weak)? What does it tell about the relationship ? (positive or negative?) (strong, medium, weak)? What does it tell about the relationship ? 2a. Run a regression using diabetes as the dependent variable (y), and smoking as the independent variable (x). HINT: Therefore, the variable called Diabetes is going to be your dependent or \"y\" variable and the variable called smoking will be the independent or \"x\" variable. If you create a scatterplot (with the x variable on the horizontal axis and the y variable on the vertical access, you can see the relationship). PASTE THE SCATTERPLOT WITH THE TRENDLINE and EQUATION HERE ... Make sure you have the regression equation included. Tutorial for how to do this in Excel: HOW TO VIDEO Dr Ami Gates MOOT Intro Stats Correlation Scatterplots Prediction Trendline (Regression Line & Prediction) Excel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6LwhM_pDuA Tutorial for StatCrunch Scatterplots http://www.mathandstatistics.com/new-page-1/statcrunch-for-statistics/statcrunch-forcorrelation-and-scatterplots 3a. Is there a statistically significant relationship between poverty rates and diabetes? Explain. HINTS: This question is not related to the question above it. In the question above it, you are asked to run regression for Diabetes and Smoking. For this question, you are looking at Poverty and Diabetes. You are asked to determine if the relationship between Poverty and Diabetes is significant. Here are two great YouTube Videos for Regression and the p values for the correlation in Excel. Even if you use StatCrunch, the concepts are the same :) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWhsH1vcIaw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFcxExzLfZI Write out the regression equation calculated using the data. You can use Excel to get this. Interpret the slope coefficient - the value in front of the x. HINTS: You can do this in Excel (or StatCrunch). As a note, I always use Excel because it is more common, better for a resume, and publically available (StatCrunch is not publically available). Linear Regression Equation in Excel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TkiB1xBnjn4 Another look at prediction/regression equations from Ami: HOW TO VIDEO Dr Ami Gates MOOT Intro Stats Correlation Scatterplots Prediction Trendline (Regression Line & Prediction) Excel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6LwhM_pDuA HOW TO VIDEO Dr Ami Gates Using Excel Correlation scatterplots regression https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKAd1U_1yl8 3b. Suppose a state raises the tobacco tax and the rate of smoking in the state falls from 21% to 18%. What would the decrease be in the rate of diabetes based on the regression results? ANSWER HERE Part II Please do NOT simply re-use the work from Part 1 above :) You must complete new, original statistical tests for Part 2. Suppose you work for a local hospital. Your manager requests that you use the CDC data on diabetes and smoking, obesity rate, physical activity, and poverty rate to present a compelling argument to the board regarding the importance of creating state initiatives to reduce diabetes rates. You must present statistical data in a written report to the board. Include a minimum of four types of statistical tests to make your case. Examples include hypothesis tests, confidence intervals, correlations, regressions, etc. You may use statistical tests that you have completed in weeks 3 and 8 or develop your own. Include a minimum of three graphs with your report. Examples include scatter plots, histograms, regression lines, box-plots, etc. You may use graphs that you have completed in weeks 3 and 8 or develop your own. *** Please follow exactly the outline below ** TEST 1 1) What is the name of the first test you plan to use? 2) What variables will be involved in this test? 3) What is the goal of this test - what do you expect to show? 4) Run the test and show and explain the results? TEST 2 1) What is the name of the second test you plan to use? 2) What variables will be involved in this test? 3) What is the goal of this test - what do you expect to show? 4) Run the test and show and explain the results? TEST 3 1) What is the name of the third test you plan to use? 2) What variables will be involved in this test? 3) What is the goal of this test - what do you expect to show? 4) Run the test and show and explain the results? TEST 4 1) What is the name of the first test you plan to use? 2) What variables will be involved in this test? 3) What is the goal of this test - what do you expect to show? 4) Run the test and show and explain the results? GRAPH 1 1. What is the name of the graph type? 2. What variable(s) will be included as part of this graph? 3. What do you expect the graph to show? 4. Paste the graph HERE GRAPH 2 1. What is the name of the graph type? 2. What variable(s) will be included as part of this graph? 3. What do you expect the graph to show? 4. Paste the graph HERE GRAPH 3 1. What is the name of the graph type? 2. What variable(s) will be included as part of this graph? 3. What do you expect the graph to show? 4. Paste the graph HERE ESSAY: Write an essay using these statistics and graphs to make a convincing argument for the need to create an initiative to reduce the rate of diabetes. In your essay, explain the relationship between diabetes and obesity, smoking, physical activity, and poverty rates utilizing statistical data, tests, and graphs. Be sure to explain your results and how these results show there is a need to create an initiative to reduce the diabetes rates. WRITE ESSAY HERE (3 paragraphs - 21 sentences - minimum)