State the null and alternative hypotheses for the following statements. (2 points each)

8) The mean annual income of mine workers is greater than $50,000.

9) More than one half of all internet users make online purchases.

Determine the test that should be used in each scenario. (2 points each)

10) You are studying the spatial pattern of income in Huntington, WV, and during your investigation through census data you discover that the mean family income is $38,346. You then decide to conduct a survey and sample 25 households in the city, and the average family income in your sample comes-up to $40,487. How should you test if your mean sample is different from that of the city?

11) You realize that the topic of immigration has become a topic of discussion in your social circles at work and school. Among the many issues being discussed, is the question whether undocumented immigrants already in the country should be provided a path to legalization? Based on your literature review, you learn that previous studies have indicated a generational divide regarding this question [e.g. the proportion of younger individuals (age <35) supporting legalization is higher than the proportion of older individuals (age > 35) supporting legalization]. How would you go about testing whether such a generational divide regarding the legalization of undocumented immigrants exists in your community?

12) The West Virginia State Legislature has approved a $0.12 per gallon tax to appropriate funds for road maintenance and new development. As part of your capstone project, you are interested in whether this newly approved gas tax will have any impact on discretionary travel behavior (i.e. travel not related to work or school purposes). Given that your resources, both in terms of time and funding, are limited, you have decided to focus your study on residents of your neighborhood. As such, you have decided to conduct a survey prior to the new gas tax going into effect, and another survey after the gas tax was being applied at the pump. In both surveys, the participants were the same individuals. How should you go about testing whether the change in discretionary travel behavior that you noticed in your surveys is due to the new gas tax?

13) You work as a transportation planner for the city of Huntington, WV. In previous studies that you have conducted with your colleagues, you have estimated that the mean commuting distance in the metro area is 18.4 miles round-trip. As part of the city's continued efforts to monitor commuting patterns, you and your colleagues conduct a random survey of 35 commuters in the city and your survey tabulations reveal that the mean commuting round-trip distance of the sample is 19.2 miles. How should you and your colleagues go about testing whether the sample of commuters is representative of all commuters in Huntington, WV?