Stellar Evolution Exercise Adapted from Lecture Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy workbook and Stellar Evolution Ranking Task Exercise Questions 1-3 deal with the birth of stars portion of Chapter 11. 1. Will the particles in a collapsing cloud of gas and dust move away from each other, move closer to one another, or stay at the same locations when evolving from a giant molecular cloud to a protostar? 2. What physical force or interaction causes the particles to move as you described in question 1? 3. Would happens to the temperature of a protostar as it becomes a main sequence star? Explain your reasoning. Use the following table to help you answer questions 4-6. Mass of the star in solar masses Main sequence lifetime of star 0.5 MSun 50 billion years 1 MSun 10 billion years 2 MSun 2 billion years 5 MSun 200 million years 30 MSun 2 million years 4. Which stars live longer...high mass stars or low mass stars? Based on your answer to question 4, is the rate of nuclear fusion of a low mass star greater than, less than, or equal to the rate of nuclear fusion of a high mass star? 6. A star with the same mass as the Sun will live _____ a star with 2 times the mass of the Sun. (less years than, the same years as, more years than) For questions 7-10, you will rank the following star stages in order using the letters given below. Do not include stages that do not apply. A - Subgiant, B - Neutron Star, C - Giant Molecular cloud, D - Type 1 Supernova, E - Black Hole, F - Supergiant, G - Black Dwarf, H - O spectral type Main Sequence Star, I - Nova, J - G spectral type Main Sequence Star, K - Protostar, L - Type 2 Supernova, M - White Dwarf, N - Planetary Nebula, O - Red Giant 7. Rank the stages in order from earliest to latest for a low mass star (i.e. a star with a mass less than 8 MSun ) with a companion. Rank the stages in order from earliest to latest for a low mass star without a companion. 9. Rank the stages in order from earliest to latest for a high mass star with a main sequence mass between 8 MSun and 24 MSun. 10.Rank the stages in order from earliest to latest for a high mass star with a main sequence mass higher than 25 MSun Based on your answer to question 4, is the rate of nuclear fusion of a low mass star greater than, less than, or equal to the rate of nuclear fusion of a high mass star? 6. A star with the same mass as the Sun will live _____ a star with 2 times the mass of the Sun. (less years than, the same years as, more years than) For questions 7-10, you will rank the following star stages in order using the letters given below. Do not include stages that do not apply. A - Subgiant, B - Neutron Star, C - Giant Molecular cloud, D - Type 1 Supernova, E - Black Hole, F - Supergiant, G - Black Dwarf, H - O spectral type Main Sequence Star, I - Nova, J - G spectral type Main Sequence Star, K - Protostar, L - Type 2 Supernova, M - White Dwarf, N - Planetary Nebula, O - Red Giant 7. Rank the stages in order from earliest to latest for a low mass star (i.e. a star with a mass less than 8 MSun ) with a companion. Rank the stages in order from earliest to latest for a low mass star without a companion. 9. Rank the stages in order from earliest to latest for a high mass star with a main sequence mass between 8 MSun and 24 MSun. 10.Rank the stages in order from earliest to latest for a high mass star with a main sequence mass higher than 25 MSun