Steve is a high school math teacher and has group health insurance. However, his insurance policy has very high deductibles and copays for prescription medicines. Steve sometimes has to choose between buying food and paying for his prescribed insulin since he has diabetes. Finally, he gets desperate and steals food from a convenience store. What ethical theory has Steve displayed in this case?

a. Casuist

b. Rule utilitarianism

c. Moral relativism

d. Act utilitarianism