Stokes Bay Fishing Corporation manufactures and sells fishing boats. The CEO of the company,

Keith Jones, has been fishing since he was a young boy and is very excited to be the majority

owner of a successful fishing$-$related business. All of the company$$s sales come from two

products: the Fish Hauler and the Trolling Deluxe. Both are $16-$foot aluminum boats. The Fish

Hauler is a basic boat built with the minimum required components necessary for a successful

outing and sells for $$12,000.$ The Trolling Deluxe sells for $$14,500$ and is built for the luxuryminded outdoors person; it includes adjustable padded seats, moveable storage boxes, and rod

holders, among other conveniences, to make the trip more comfortable. The boats are sold to

retailers who then usually add an outboard motor and a trailer before selling to the consumer.

Stokes Bay Fishing Corporation management is meeting to discuss recent financial results and to

plan for the future. John Singh, the sales manager, has been successful in convincing Keith to

keep the boats close in price, basing his argument on the fact that the boats are the same size and

about the same weight. In fact, he argues, each boat has the same seating capacity and is used for

essentially the same purpose. Keith, however, is concerned. He has reviewed the financial results

for the boating business and is confused by the results. Keith has noticed that while sales volume

is increasing, profits are decreasing $($as a percent of sales$).$ Keith has consulted with his

production manager, Jeff Knowles, who told him that he is doing his best to manage production

costs but is challenged by the fact that the proportion of Trolling Deluxe boats manufactured and

sold is growing at a far greater rate than the Fish Hauler.

Keith has asked his CFO, Janet Costa, for financial data regarding the sales and manufacturing

activities for the past year. The following is what Janet provided.

Fish Hauler Trolling Deluxe

Direct materials per unit $$6,150$ $$8,200$

Direct labour hours per unit $44\mathrm{.}558$

Units sold $245134$

Stokes has been applying variable overhead on the basis of direct labour hours. For the past year,

factory overhead was $$640,000$ and total direct labour hours for the year were$18,600.$ The hourly

rate for direct labour hours is $$22.$ Also, sales and administrative expenses for the year totalled

$$984,000.$

Keith has hired a financial consultant, Sue Wong, to analyze the activity of the past year, and to

help management to understand the deteriorating profit results. Sue specializes in the application

of activity$-$based costing $($ABC$)$ in small manufacturing businesses. The focus of her work was

to determine key activities, cost drivers, and related costs in the business. Sue has found several

overhead activities and related costs, and the associated cost drivers. She has also determined the

amount of each activity consumed by the two products. This information is presented below.

Activities and Cost Drivers:

Factory Overhead

Activity Centre Cost Driver

Materials handling Number of material movements

Engineering Number of engineering hours

Equipment setup Number of setups

Testing Number of testing hours

Purchasing raw materials Number of purchase orders

Activities and Cost Drivers:

Factory Overhead

Activity Centre Activity Cost Activity Volume

Materials handling $$116,0002,634$ movements

Engineering $135,0001,585$ hours

Equipment setup $155,990647$ setups

Testing $84,500750$ testing hours

Purchasing raw materials $138,0001,294$ purchase orders

Financial data for the two products, based on ABC analysis:

Fish Hauler Trolling Deluxe

Direct materials $$6,150$ $$8,200$

Direct labour hours $44\mathrm{.}558$

Materials handling movements $216$

Engineering hours $110$

Number of setups $13$

Testing hours $0\mathrm{.}64\mathrm{.}5$

Purchase orders required $26$

Units sold $245134$

Required:

$1.$ Calculate unit cost using the current process costing system. Calculate gross and net

operating income generated for the company by the two products.

$2.$ Calculate activity rates, rounding to the nearest dollar.

$3.$ Calculate unit cost using activity$-$based costing, and recalculate gross and net operating

income generated by the two products.

$4.$ Based on the results above, what advice would you give to Keith regarding his

observation of increasing volume but decreasing profit