Strategic Innovations Company spent $$80$ million in $201$ on research and development costs $($R&D$).$ Some work was general research seeking basic knowledge about products. Other work was getting several projects started to investigate ways to develop and improve a line of drugs manufactured by the company. Other costs were incurred in the final stages of perfecting new products. How should these costs be accounted for by Strategic Innovations?

capitalized as an asset and amortized over the expected useful life of the research

charged to expense as incurred

capitalized as an asset not subject to amortization

capitalized and expensed against revenue as revenue from the research is realized