Studies suggest that women who smoke during pregnancy affect the birth weights of their newborn infants. To study this issue further, a sample of 10 women smokers were asked to estimate the average number of cigarettes they smoke per day. In the following table are their estimates and the birth weight (in kgs) of their child.

Average Number of Cigarettes per day	Birth Weight of Child (in kilograms)
22	2.91
16	3.27
4	3.68
19	3.14
42	2.32
8	3.82
12	3.45
30	2.95
14	3.00
16	3.68

(a) Using R-Studio, create a scatter-plot of the data. What can you conclude from this scatter-plot? A. There is not a linear relationship between the average number of cigarettes the mother consumes and the birthweight of her child. B. There is a positive linear relationship between the average number of cigarettes the mother consumes and the birthweight of her child. C. There is a negative linear relationship between the average number of cigarettes the mother consumes and the birthweight of her child. (b) Use R-Studio to find the least squares estimate of the linear model that expresses the birth weight of a child as a linear function of the average number of cigarettes mom consumes in a day. Use four decimals in each of your answers. Y^i =

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? + -

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Xi (c) Find the value of the coefficient of determination, then complete its interpretation. r2=

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(use four decimals) The percentage of ? variation standard deviation the mean in ? the birthweight of the child the average number of cigarettes consumed in a day by the mother that is explained by its linear relationship with ? the birthweight of the child the average number of cigarettes consumed in a day by the mother is

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%. (d) Interpret the meaning of the slope term in the estimate of the linear model, in the context of the data. As ? the number of cigarettes consumed in a day birthweight increases by ? by one on average by one kilogram the ? birthweight average number of cigarettes consumed will ? will increase by an average of will decrease by an average of will increase by will decrease by

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. (use four decimals) (e) A expecting mother, who smokes, claims to smoke an average of 20 cigarettes in a day. Predict the weight of her newborn. Use two decimals in your answer.

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kilograms (f) The weight of the child born to the expecting mother mentioned in (e) was 4.2 kilograms. Find the residual, use two decimals. ei=

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