Study: The bait-and-switch technique involves gaining a commitment from someone to engage in an activity, then making the activity unavailable and offering them a more costly arrangement. For example, a store might offer a special price on a product that gets customers to the store, but then the store "runs out" of the product and offers the customer an inferior option. The customer might go for the inferior option because they already made the effort to go to the store. Imagine you have participants scheduled to participate in a really fun and exciting study that pays $20 for an hour! They come, but then you tell them that the study is cancelled, but there is another study they can do. For some participants, you tell them the alternative study is just as fun as the original study and also pays $20. For other participants, you tell them the alternative study is dull (it involves a memory task) but also pays $20 for an hour. For a final set of participants, you tell them that the alternative study is dull (it involves a memory task) and doesn't pay anything. You then ask them if they are willing to participate in the alternative study (yes or no) and have them rate on a scale how excited they are to participate in the alternative study (rated from 1 = very excited to 9 = not at all excited). Imagine we alter the design so that we have two alternative study conditions (dull alternative study with $20 versus dull alternative study without $20). However, in half of the conditions we have a confederate appear to leave the alternative study and remark either "That was more fun than I'd expected" or "That was more boring than I expected." The dependent variables remain the same. Using this new design, answer the following questions. 5). What is/are the independent variable(s) in this study, and how many levels are there to each? (.5 points)