summarizeAdult learners often operate more independently than teenagers, who require more guidance from their instructor.The second premise made by Knowles is that adult learners develop a foundation of knowledge over time (Pappas, C. 2013). This information may be referred to as necessary. Adult learners can be identified as being ready to learn as they develop their organizational and task-management skills. The orientation of learning is the fourth supposition (Pappas, C. 2013)