Super Company is a manufacturing company that produces a special grinding machine called BestGrind. The company budgets to produce and sell 20,000 units of BestGrind in a period. The standard information is provided below.

Standard Cost Card for product BestGrind

	RM	RM
Direct materials: 3.0kg of M at RM1.50 per kg 1.5kg of N at RM4.50 per kg	4.50 6.75
		11.25
Direct labour (4 hours at RM4 per hour)		16.00
Variable overheads (4 hours at RM3 per direct labour hour)		12.00
Standard variable cost		39.25
Fixed overheads (4 hours at RM6 per direct labour hour)		24.00
Total standard cost		63.25
Standard profit		16.75
Standard selling price		80.00

The actual results for April are:

	RM	RM
Sales (19,000 units at RM82)		1,558,000
Direct materials: M: 55,000kg at RM1.25 per kg N: 32,000kg at RM4.25 per kg	68,750 136,000
Direct labour (92,000 hours at RM3.50 per hour)	322,000
Variable overheads (92,000 hours at RM2.75 per hour)	253,000
		779,750

Contribution		778,250
Fixed overheads		420,000
Profit		358,250

During the period, 19,000 units of BestGrind were produced and sold.

Required:

1. Calculate the following variances:
   1. Material price variance
   2. Material usage variance
   3. Direct labour rate variance
   4. Direct labour efficiency variance
   5. Variable overhead expenditure variances
   6. Variable overhead efficiency variances
   7. Fixed production overhead expenditure variances
   8. Fixed production overhead volume variance
   9. Sales margin price variance
   10. Sales margin volume variance – for absorption and variable costing system

2. Prepare the reconciliation profit for the period under:
   1. Absorption costing system
   2. Variable costing system