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Suppose p is an odd prime and g is a primitive root of p. (a) Show that if (a, p) = 1, then a 2

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Suppose p is an odd prime and g is a primitive root of p. (a) Show that if (a, p) = 1, then a 2 = +1 (mod p). (b)What is g 2 (mod p)? (c)Under what conditions (on p) is -g also a primitive root of p? (Prove your statement.) [Hint: Consider p modulo 4.]

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