Suppose that we are interested to collect a type of dataset to evaluate the road traffic safety exist in a state by using CCR form of input-oriented DEA model (Charnes, Cooper, & Rhodes, 1978), which refers to the methods and measures used to prevent users from being killed or seriously injured. We decided to term the model as road safety assessment as the choice of inputs are based on a set of ways that make roads safer and the output would be the number of fatal accidents (accidents that results in death or serious injuries) and minor accidents on each route.

1. What is each DMU in this real world case study? (1 Mark)
2. Define at least 4 input variable as the choice of inputs are based on a set of ways that make roads safer. (8 Marks)
3. What is an undesirable output variable in DEA model? Can we use the same classical DEA model to obtain efficiency values when there is undesirable output(s)? Explain. (6 Marks)
4. It is obvious that the outputs are the number of fatal accidents and the number of minor accidents. Are these outputs a type of undesirable outputs? Explain. (5 Marks)