Suppose the office of undergraduate education at Penn State is interested in the proportion of undergraduate students who does not meet with their academic advisers at least once during their sophomore year. A study collected responses from 100 randomly sampled PSU undergraduate students of which 23% said they did not meet with their academic advisers at least once during their sophomore year.

If the true proportion was 30% or higher, what is the probability your sample data would produce a sample proportion of 23% or lower?

Be sure to set up the two competing hypotheses and provide a statistical conclusion statement at a 2% level of significance for your results.