Table 1 shows some characteristics of a typical crude oil. a) Classify the crude oil using the following properties.

i.Specific gravity or API gravity

ii. Sulphur Content

iii. Characterisation factor

b). Describe with the aid of a flow diagram how you would refine the crude oil to obtain the following fractions. i. Gasoline fraction

ii. Kerosene fraction

iii.Gas Oil fraction

iv.Lubricating oil fractions of different grades

c) Determine the percentage yield of each of the fractions in (b) above.

d By the aid of a flow diagram (or block diagram) discuss how you would process the residue in (b) above to obtain more valuable products.

e) Suggest some methods of treating the petroleum fractions in (b) to improve their qualities.

General characteristics Specific gravity at 150C Total sulphur, wt\% Viscosity at 380C, cst Pour point, oC Salt content 0.833 0.10 3.0 3 12Ib/1000bbl Distillation Test \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline Fraction & \multicolumn{2}{|l|}{ Temperature, oC } & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{ Volume Percent Distilled } \\ \hline 1 & 301.8+32= & 0 & \\ \hline 2. & 50 & 4.1 & \\ \hline 3. & 75 & 7.3 & \\ \hline 4. & 100 & 12.3 & \\ \hline 5 & 125 & 15.7 & \\ \hline 6 & 150 & 24.1 & \\ \hline 7. & 175 & 30.3 & \\ \hline 8. & 200 & 35.5 & \\ \hline 9. & 225 & 40.0 & \\ \hline 10. & 250 & 46.0 & \\ \hline 11, & 275 & 52.7 & \\ \hline 12. & 300 & 59.2 & \\ \hline & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular} Dietillatinn Tana