Table 1.1: Spreadsheet of Survey on Students' Speeding Violations Name Gender Race Age Weekly Level Income education Speeding Tickt # Speed in Plea Total in DUI excess Albert male White 19 $ 250 Sophomor 2 19 miles Options Guilty fines $ 680 yes Ashley female Black 18 260 Freshman 1 10 Def Driv 150 Ben male White 22 340 Senior 2 25 Guilty 700 no Eve female Hispan 26 540 Graduate 4 30 Guilty 1000 yes Mary female White 22 340 Senior 2 25 DefDriv 120 Dave male Black 19 200 Freshman 2 18 Contest 0 no Bill male White Sue female White 225 20 270 Junior 1 19 Contest 0 no 20 380 Junior 4 22 Guilty 1200 yes Joy female Hispan 21 200 Senior 3 23 Def Driv 180 yes Jane female Black 23 300 Graduate 2 21 Guilty 650 yes Mike male Black 24 350 Graduate 2 10 Guilty 700 yes Ted male Hispan 21 180 Sophomor 3 22 DefDriv 120 No Liz female White 29 280 Graduate 1 21 Contest 0 No Fred male Black 30 400 Graduate 2 28 Contest 0 No Becky female White 30 390 Senior 4 30 Guilty 1300 Yes Tom: male White 28 350 Graduate 3 25 Guilty 900 Yes Paula female Hispan 19 180 Freshman 3 24 Def Driv 1000 No Andy male White 21 210 Senior 2 20 Guilty 800 No Ann female Black 22 250 Junior 4 15 Guilty 1300 Yes Barb female White 23 200 Senior 1 15 DefDriv 110 No Nicky female Black 24 300 Graduate 1 18 Contest 0 No Peter male Hispan 25 230 Sophomor 1 22 Contest 0 No Randy male White 22 240 Sophomor 2 30 Ed male Black 28 260 Graduate 2 14 Guilty Def Driv 140 800 Yes no Instructions: The table above is an example of a spreadsheet for a hypothetic survey of students' speed limit violations. Below are the instructions as to how the categorical variables in the survey should be coded in SPSS. For these variables you need to create values and value labels. 1. Gender: male-0 female-1 2. Race: Black-1 Hispanic-2 3. Level of education: Freshman -1 White-3 Sophomore 2 Junior 3 Senior-4 Graduate-5 Guilty-3 4. Plea options: Contest-0 Defensive Driving-1 5. DUL: No 0 Yes-1 N.B.: The quantitative variables, such as, age, weekly income, number of speeding ticket, etc, should be input as such. The names can be replaced by ID number, such as 101, 102, 103, etc. Question 1 Use the data from the Student's Speeding Violation spreadsheet you created in the previous assignment to respond to the following questions. 1. For each question, determine the unit of analysis for the data and determine the level of measurement of the variables. 2. For each question, decide what type of statistical test to conduct (is appropriate). Defend your choice. In some instances, it may be necessary to decide which one is the dependent variable and which one is the independent variable, and always provide the reason for your decision. 3. To test hypotheses, follow the step-by-step method recommended in the textbook (as summarized in Figure 8.1, page 225 of the textbook), but use SPSS to do computation. Have a SPSS printout of the results. Eventually you have to decide whether or not to reject the Null hypothesis. Do not forget to interpret your results. 4. All hypotheses are tested at the .05 level of significance. 5. Where a measure of association to test the strength of the relationship between variables is needed, find it and interpret it. (Where there are many, just choose one measure of association only per problem). 6. Where post-hoc comparisons are needed, perform them, and decide which specific means are different from each other. A. Test the hypothesis that there is a difference in the mean weekly income among the different educational levels. B. Test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between speed in excess and DUI