Talia owns the largest producer of ice cream in Easteros. She currently relies on several small manufacturers to produce the packaging for her products. She has contracts with each of her manufacturers and has quarterly meetings with them to discuss business for the next quarter. Other than this interaction, she has little oversight over their work.

Over the last year, Talia's business has boomed, and she is wondering whether she should begin packaging her product in-house. brief recommendation to Taliais needed, highlighting the costs and benefits of vertical versus horizontal integration.