TEST OF INDEPENDENCE USING TECHNOLOGY The purpose of this activity is to gain experience conducting a chi-square test of independence using technology. Recall the report 0n the Front Line: The Work of First Responders in a Post-9/1'1l World. We will use data from this report to investigate the question: Are alcohol-related problems among New York reghters associated with participation in the 9H1 rescue? Here again are our observed data: No risk for alcohol Moderate to severe risk for alcohol problems problems Participated in 9M1 rescue 793 309 1102 Did not participate In 9111 441 110 551 rescue 1234 419 1653 Question 1: State the appropriate hypotheses for the chi-square test for independence in this case. Now you will check whether the conditions for the chi-square test are met. In order to do this. you'll need to rst launch the actual research report and read the last paragraph on page iii of the introduction (starting with the \"The study was fully funded...") Instructions Click on the link corresponding to see instructions for completing the activity. and then answer the questions below. Excel Instructions: Test of Independence Using Technology Next we will use Excel to calculate the expected counts: 0 Creme a table for expected counts with the same row and column headings as the one above, and use the fonnula Expected Count = (Column Total * Row Toulhble 'l'onl. Question 2: Does the data meet the conditions for the chi-square test? Instructions Click on the link corresponding to see instructions for completing the activity. and then answer the questions below. Excel Instructions: Test of Independence Using Technology In the previous activity, we created a table of expected counts to go along with our table of observed counts. In this activity, we will use both of these tables to conduct a chi-square test on the data. To do this in Excel, we first need to re-create both the table of observed counts and table of expected counts from the last exercise. Here are the data again for your convenience: Observed Data: No risk for alcohol problems Moderate to severe risk Participated 793 309 Did not participate 441 110 Expected Data: No risk for alcohol problems Moderate to severe risk Participated 823 279 Did not participate 411 140 Now use the CHITEST function in Excel to calculate the p-value given the data in our tables. To do this, pick an empty cell and type =CHITEST([actual range], [expected range]) where [actual range] is the range of observed data in our table (without row/column headers or totals) and [expected range] is the range of expected data in our table (again without row/column headers or totals). For example, assuming that the top left cell in the table above is Al, the formula would be =CHITEST(B3:C4, B8:C9). Question 3: State your conclusion in context. Also explain what the P-value means as a conditional probability based on the null hypothesis