The application of the Endangered Species Act requires agencies to live on the frontiers of science, which is complicated by climate change and its effects. It is also complicated by the complexities of biology and our understanding (or lack of understanding) of how ecosystemsand the individual parts of these systems, including speciesfunction together.

• How should law and society address these challenges?
• What changes would you recommend to the listing process under the ESA to better address these challenges?